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The Establishment of the Empire in Rome 1. How the assassination of Caesar was perceived in Rome.

• The day after the massacre of Caesar, the Senate met to decide what to do next.

Then the consul Antony spoke and explained to everyone that if Caesar was recognized as a criminal who violated the freedom of Rome, then everyone who received titles, positions, land from him would have to be deprived of everything they deserved. And this can cause a revolt in the country. The senators were afraid of change and decided to bury Caesar with honors and not cancel any of his orders. Caesar's assassins fled from Rome to the Balkan Peninsula and began to prepare troops to fight for the restoration of the republican structure of Rome. Mark Junius Brutus Brutus participated in the Pompey conspiracy. Brutus just went over to Caesar's side in time, in due time, and betrayed Pompey.

• Brutus participated in the Pompey conspiracy. Brutus just went over to Caesar's side in time, in due time, and betrayed Pompey.
• He was appointed governor of Cisalpine Gaul.
• " And you Brute?" - the dying Caesar whispered in shock? This phrase has become a household word, as a symbol of the betrayal of a loved one.
• Brutus (translated from early Latin) means - cruel, treacherous, and translated from later Latin - an unreasonable animal, stupid.

2. The defeat of the supporters of the Republic.

• Contenders for power in Rome

Octavian

father Mark Antony was Mark Antony Kretik, mother - Julia Antonia. In his youth, Antony was distinguished by his love for addictions, squandering, and often walked the streets with his brothers and friends.

Octavian August 63 BC AD 1-14

• During his lifetime, he - the ruler of the Roman state - was called the "divine Augustus", and later even a legend arose that Octavian's father was not a mere mortal, but the god Apollo.

• On his mother's side, Octavian was the great-nephew of Julius Caesar. The patronage of Caesar helped Octavian enter the political arena early. As a boy, Octavian was brought up in the home of his grandmother Julia, the sister of the all-powerful dictator. Even as a child, he was distinguished by extraordinary abilities. Caesar showered the young man with favors and, shortly before his death, adopted him and appointed him heir.

Octavian confirmed that he would pay the people the money bequeathed by Caesar, and took, according to the then custom, the name of his adoptive father. Now he became known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian. Consul Antony seized Caesar's money and documents left after him. Octavian demanded that Antony transfer to him, as the rightful successor, the inheritance of Caesar. Anthony refused. Octavian accused him of treason and embezzlement of money bequeathed to the people. He sold part of his own property and distributed to the people the money promised by Caesar. This act attracted the sympathy of the soldiers and the poor to Octavian.

Antony's troops united with the troops of the governor of Gaul Lepidus.

• Antony's troops united with the troops of the governor of Gaul Lepidus.
• Meanwhile, Octavian, at the head of his army, hurried to Rome. However, Octavian needed allies.
• The union of the three was concluded. He was called the second triumvirate. In the last days of November 43 BC. e. The troops of the three generals solemnly entered Rome. A law was passed in the national assembly, according to which the participants of the triumvirate - the triumvirs - were given unlimited power for 5 years to "arrange state affairs."

Antoine Caron. The Executions of the Triumvirate (1566) - commissioned painting Catherine de Medici to illustrate the horrors of civil wars

Antony's wife Fulvia and his younger brother Lucius rebelled against Octavian. In Italy, a new Civil War. For a short time, Lucius Antony even captured Rome, but then retreated to the north and was besieged by Octavian in the city of Perusia. After a long siege, Lucius surrendered, and Fulvia fled to Greece, where she soon fell ill and died.

Svedomsky Pavel Alexandrovich. "Fulvia with the Head of Cicero"

Antony went to the East, where rich countries were under his rule, and among them Egypt. Following the example of Alexander the Great.

Anthony decided to unite all the countries of the East, and for this, to become the king of Egypt

• Anthony decided to unite all the countries of the East, and for this, to become the king of Egypt
• Marriage with Queen Cleopatra opened a direct path to this. Antony sent a divorce to Octavian's sister, Octavia, but the Senate, to whom, as a Roman general, he was obliged to report, did not dare to announce his new marriage. Having divorced Octavia, Antony solemnly celebrated his wedding with Cleopatra, from whom he already had children.

In an effort to attract the sympathy of the Romans, Octavian began to soften his cruel policy. He stopped the confiscation of wealthy people's property. The poor began to regularly distribute free bread and even butter. In addition, he forgave tax arrears and undertook great public Works to give income to artisans

Decisive naval battle near the cape Aktium(northwestern Greece) between fleets Mark Antony And Octavian Augusta completed in 31 BC period of civil wars Rome. Fleet

Octavian commanded Mark Vipsani Agrippa,

ally of Antony

Egyptian queen performed Cleopatra.

Autocracy of Octavian Augustus. Independent work: Answer the questions:

• Why did Octavian give up all his powers?
• Who called Octavian to become ruler?
• What positions did Octavian get?
• What is a principle?
• What new stage began in the history of Rome?
• Was the republic restored after Octavian came to power?

slide 1

Use the mouse to arrange the events in chronological order.
Defeat of Pompey's army
Caesar's sole rule in Rome
Caesar's campaigns in Spain
Caesar's conquest of Gaul.
Conspiracy of Senators against Caesar
Caesar's campaign against Rome.

slide 2

CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
supreme authority in Rome
Central square in Rome
Short spear for throwing
Solemn entry into Rome
Arena
Dart
Provinces
Senate
Triumph
Forum
Country conquered and ruled by Rome
The area in the center of the amphitheater

slide 3

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EMPIRE IN ROME.

slide 4

Lesson plan
1. Consequences of the assassination of Caesar. 2. End of the Roman Republic. 4.Reign of Octavian Augustus.

slide 5

Lesson assignment.
? Write in a notebook what, in your opinion, was good and bad in the imperial system of government?

slide 6

The assassination of Caesar in Rome was perceived ambiguously. His enemies greeted the news of the death of the dictator with delight. Caesar's friend Anthony opposed them. He offered to cancel everything that Caesar had done. And then the senators decided to bury him with honor.
1. Consequences of the assassination of Caesar.
Mark Anthony. Ancient Roman bas-relief.

Slide 7

The conspirators, fearing revenge, fled to the Balkans and began to prepare forces to restore the republic. And at this time in Rome it became known that Caesar bequeathed power to his adopted son, Octavian. Soon he, Antony and the commander Lepidus brought troops to Rome, and the Senate transferred power to them for 5 years.
2. End of the Roman Republic.
Lepidus, Octavian and Antony enter Rome.

Slide 8

Lepidus soon left the stage. Antony underestimated Octavian, believing that he did not understand anything, but Octavian turned out to be a cunning man. Soon the rulers divided the Roman possessions, as shown on the map. Having defeated the supporters of the republic, they strengthened their power.
2. End of the Roman Republic.
Octavian
Anthony

Slide 9

3.Antony and Octavian's struggle for power.
Octavian accused the rival of squandering the lands that he gave to his wife and daughters. Both commanders began to prepare for war. Antony, who settled in the eastern provinces, summoned Cleopath-ru-Queen of Egypt. This smart and beautiful woman soon became his wife and began to actively intervene in the political struggle.
Octavian. Ancient Roman cameo.

Slide 10

In 31 BC. e. a civil war broke out between the two rulers. The main hostilities unfolded in the Mediterranean. Both Antony and Octavian built huge fleets.
3.Antony and Octavian's struggle for power.
Octavian as the sea god Neptune. Ancient Roman gem.

slide 11

The main battle took place near Cape Promotions, in the west of the Balkan Peninsula. During the battle, Cleopatra ordered the Egyptian fleet to leave the battlefield. Anthony rushed for his wife. The battle was lost.
3.Antony and Octavian's struggle for power.
Unable to bear the betrayal of his wife and defeat, Antony threw himself on the sword. Octavian entered Egypt. He wanted to take Cleopatra around Rome during the triumph. She, in order to avoid shame, committed suicide.

slide 12

In 30 BC Octavian announced the end of the civil wars. The Senate gave him an even nickname - August (sacred). They also soon began to call one of the months of the Roman calendar. ? Remember which month is associated with another Roman politician?
4.Reign of Octavian Augustus.
Octavian August - Emperor.

slide 2

slide 3

1. How did Rome perceive the assassination of Caesar

The day after the massacre of Caesar, the Senate met to decide what to do next.

slide 5

The senators were afraid of change and decided to bury Caesar with honors and not cancel any of his orders.

slide 6

Caesar's assassins fled from Rome to the Balkan Peninsula and began to prepare troops to fight for the restoration of the republican structure of Rome. Mark Junius Brutus

Slide 7

• Brutus participated in the Pompey conspiracy. Brutus just went over to Caesar's side in time, in due time, and betrayed Pompey.
• He was appointed governor of Cisalpine Gaul.
• " And you Brute?" - the dying Caesar whispered in shock? This phrase has become a household word, as a symbol of the betrayal of a loved one.
• Brutus (translated from early Latin) means - cruel, treacherous, and translated from later Latin - an unreasonable animal, stupid.

Slide 8

2. The defeat of the supporters of the Republic

• Contenders for power in Rome
• Octavian
• Anthony

Slide 9

The father of Mark Antony was Mark Antony Kretik, his mother was Julia Antony. In his youth, Antony was distinguished by his love for addictions, squandering, and often walked the streets with his brothers and friends.

Slide 10

During his lifetime, he - the ruler of the Roman state - was called the "divine Augustus", and later even a legend arose that Octavian's father was not a mere mortal, but the god Apollo.
Octavian August 63 BC AD 1-14

slide 11

On his mother's side, Octavian was the great-nephew of Julius Caesar. The patronage of Caesar helped Octavian enter the political arena early. As a boy, Octavian was brought up in the home of his grandmother Julia, the sister of the all-powerful dictator. Even as a child, he was distinguished by extraordinary abilities. Caesar showered the young man with favors and, shortly before his death, adopted him and appointed him heir.

slide 12

Octavian confirmed that he would pay the people the money bequeathed by Caesar, and took, according to the then custom, the name of his adoptive father. Now he became known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian. Consul Antony seized Caesar's money and documents left after him. Octavian demanded that Antony transfer to him, as the rightful successor, the inheritance of Caesar. Anthony refused. Octavian accused him of treason and embezzlement of money bequeathed to the people. He sold part of his own property and distributed to the people the money promised by Caesar. This act attracted the sympathy of the soldiers and the poor to Octavian.

slide 13

• Antony's troops united with the troops of the governor of Gaul Lepidus.
• Meanwhile, Octavian, at the head of his army, hurried to Rome. However, Octavian needed allies.
• The union of the three was concluded. He was called the second triumvirate. In the last days of November 43 BC. e. The troops of the three generals solemnly entered Rome. A law was passed in the national assembly, according to which the participants of the triumvirate - the triumvirs - were given unlimited power for 5 years to "arrange state affairs."
• Antoine Caron. The Executions of the Triumvirate (1566) - a painting commissioned by Catherine de Medici to illustrate the horrors of civil wars

Slide 14

• Antony's wife Fulvia and his younger brother Lucius rebelled against Octavian. A new civil war broke out in Italy. For a short time, Lucius Antony even captured Rome, but then retreated to the north and was besieged by Octavian in the city of Perusia. After a long siege, Lucius surrendered, and Fulvia fled to Greece, where she soon fell ill and died.
• Svedomsky Pavel Alexandrovich. "Fulvia with the Head of Cicero"

slide 15

Antony went to the East, where rich countries were under his rule, and among them Egypt. Following the example of Alexander the Great.

slide 16

• Anthony decided to unite all the countries of the East, and for this, to become the king of Egypt
• Marriage with Queen Cleopatra opened a direct path to this. Antony sent a divorce to Octavian's sister, Octavia, but the Senate, to whom, as a Roman general, he was obliged to report, did not dare to announce his new marriage. Having divorced Octavia, Antony solemnly celebrated his wedding with Cleopatra, from whom he already had children.

Testing knowledge on the topic “Caesar's autocracy” (p. 52) What was Caesar like? What is the reason for it
popularity? How did Caesar come to power?
Describe Caesar's conquests.
What do the expressions "cross the Rubicon" mean?
and "the die is cast"?
Why was there a conspiracy against Caesar? What
What does the expression "And you, Brutus" mean?
Explain the meaning of the concepts: veteran, dictator.

Plan for studying a new topic:

1. The situation in the country
after death
Caesar
2. Struggle of Antony and
Octavian.
3. Establishment
empire.
autocracy
Octavian Augusta

1. Mark Antony and Octavian against the supporters of the republic.

Assassination of Caesar
did not receive
support in
the Senate;
Brutus and others
conspirators
fled from Rome
Balkan
peninsula where
began to collect
troops to fight
for restoration
republics.

Mark Antony - consul, friend and colleague of Caesar, distinguished himself in many battles, he was loved by soldiers. Octavian is the grandson of Caesar's beloved sister.

Mark Antony - consul, friend and colleague of Caesar,
distinguished himself in many battles, he was loved
soldiers.
Octavian is the grandson of Caesar's beloved sister, his
adopted son and chief heir.

Antony and Octavian immediately disliked each other, but they were forced to form an alliance to fight the supporters of the republic. After the rout

Republicans in Macedonia Brut
committed suicide. The winners shared power:
Octavian - Rome; Anthony - Eastern provinces.

2. Struggle between Antony and Octavian.

In the fate of Anthony
played a big role
queen of egypt
Cleopatra -
attractive
educated,
speaking in
multiple languages.
Anthony loved her and
married her,
moving to the capital
Egypt Alexandria. A
Octavian at this time
set up the Romans
against Antony., saying
that bewitched him
foreign queen and he
forgot your debt
Roman general.

In 31 BC. The fleets of Antony and Octavian met at Cape Actium. In the midst of the battle, Cleopatra betrayed her husband by ordering the Egyptian fleet out of

In 31 BC. the fleets of Antony and Octavian
met at Cape Shares. In the heat of battle
Cleopatra betrayed her husband by ordering the Egyptian
the fleet to withdraw from the battle. Anthony leaving his
warriors rushed to die after her ...

Left without a commander, Anthony's army was defeated. He learned about it in Egypt. Not wanting to fall into the hands of enemies, he rushed to his

Left without a commander, the army of Anthony
was defeated. He learned about it in Egypt.
Not wanting to fall into the hands of enemies, he rushed to
your sword. Octavian entered Egypt. Cleopatra
preferred death to disgrace (the bite of a poisonous snake).
Egypt became a Roman province.

3. Autocracy of Octavian Augustus (30 BC - 14 AD)

Octavian announced
graduation from civil
wars;
The Senate gave him
honorary nickname
August (sacred);
He bore the title
emperor and commanded
the whole Roman army;
Was lifelong
tribune of the people
high priest,
ruled all
provinces;
Created personal guard
(praetorians);
Was very careful
never showed up without
bodyguards.

New names and concepts:

Mark Antony
Octavian August
Cleopatra
Maecenas
Will
Empire
Praetorians

REINFORCEMENT OF LEARNED:

1) Why in the fight between Antony and Octavian
Octavian won?
2) After the victory, Octavian announced
restoration of the republic. Complied
whether it's reality?
3) How many years did Augustus rule? How did he manage
reign so long and not be killed?
4) Which month is named after Caesar, and which
in honor of Octavian?