Learning to retell 5 7. How to teach a child to retell a text? All the most important about the types of retelling and how to teach retelling

The ability to retell the read text is a skill necessary at school, because the entire school curriculum is based on retelling, read - retold. Retelling not only demonstrates the level of speech development, but also shows how the child is able to understand and analyze the heard or read text. From the second grade, written retelling is systematically taught in the lessons of speech development. But for children, retelling the text often causes difficulties. How can you help your child overcome them?

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How to teach a child to retell a text?

The ability to retell is a necessary skill in the life of every person. When we ask children about something, it is important to get a complete answer, to encourage the child to speak, to show that we are interested and important in what and how he tells.

Children begin their learning to retell without even noticing it. This happens when the child first talks about events in his life (for example, how the day went in the garden or how he fell off a bicycle or swing). For the little ones, this is the most effective way to take the first steps and lay the foundation for success in the future. Time passes and practice accumulates, respectively, then in their retelling, children no longer use a couple of words, but whole sentences.

Learning to retell is one of the components of literacy education in general. The child needs to understand the plot, who are the main characters and how the events in the story develop, their sequence. When children retell, they improve their speech and imagination, learn to solve problems. But, it is worth choosing those stories that you can read over and over again, otherwise this process will get boring, and you will lose interest before the child.

In fact, even preschoolers can retell a short text with some help from their parents, and further development of this skill can be turned into an exciting activity.

To begin with, you need to understand what retelling of the text is, and why this skill is so necessary for the child - the ability to retell.

retelling This is a story told in your own words. To retell the text means to tell about events, heroes, observing the sequence of presentation. An interesting and coherent story about what was read or heard with a description of events or characters shows us not only the level of development of the child's speech, but also his ability to understand, analyze the read or heard text.

How to start teaching a child to retell?First of all, from good literature - from the fairy tales of Pushkin, Aksakov, Bianchi, Andersen, the Brothers Grimm, from the stories of Nosov, Tolstoy, Prishvin. They are written in beautiful language, they are understandable, not tiring, fascinating. After reading a story or a fairy tale to a child, do not immediately close the book and do not rush to go about your business, discuss what you have read with him, showing real interest in the conversation.

Where should the conversation start?Ask him if he understands what the story is about? Do not be satisfied with monosyllabic answers like “yes”, “understood”. Help him answer this question in detail, for example, "this story says that one kind, brave hero named ... once saved ...". Let the child remember. By teaching him to understand what is said in the story, you lay the first brick in his ability to understand the theme of the work. Continue the conversation by asking him if he remembers the name of the main character? What did he remember him for? Here you can help him. Think of a similar character or story you've read before. Ask your child to describe the character in their own words. If it doesn’t work out, and most likely, it’s unlikely to work out the first time, then don’t swear, but simply ask: “Did you imagine him like that?”

Always draw the attention of the child to the fact that the book has an author (if it is not folk tale). Ask him, continuing the conversation, which character, in his opinion, the author himself likes, and which one does he speak badly about? Teach your child to understand the main idea of the text. So you lay the second brick in the ability to comprehend and analyze the text - to understand the main idea put into the work by the author (the idea of the text). In fairy tales and children's stories, as a rule, it is expressed in the fact that good always triumphs over evil. This is what the author is talking about.

Consider illustrations.What are they talking about? Expressing your own opinion, you can intentionally make a mistake. Then the child will correct you, thereby expressing a personal opinion. You can even invite him to draw the hero himself. So that your conversation with the child does not look like an interrogation about what you have read, express your own opinion, show interest in the conversation.

After discussing the topic the idea of the work, the main characters, having characterized their actions, you can proceed to retell the text. To do this, read it again. Suddenly it turns out that the child did not understand some words right away or was embarrassed to ask what they mean. After the conversation that took place, in which you managed to show him your interest in discussing what you read and his opinion, he will definitely try to figure out the word he does not understand. When reading, try to emphasize intonation figurative expressions, beautiful comparisons, a brave act of the hero.

Invite the child to retell the text together. You start and he continues. When you start retelling, you can pretend that you forgot about what happens next in the text. Here will be joy if you forgot, but he remembers! Praise him for that! This type of work, retelling in turn, helps to develop the child's attention, the ability to listen, follow what is said and the speech of another person.

Often a person asks the question: how to quickly learn a text? Especially often the problem arises if the amount of information is large, and the topic has not been thoroughly studied. A person is not always able to remember the material the first time, so there are several special tricks that will help you remember quickly.

You should not thoughtlessly try to memorize information, such an action cannot lead to a positive result, therefore one of the main rules says that the ability to carefully read the material, try to understand and understand its main idea - these are the two components of a positive memorization result.

Text memorization technique

There are several special techniques, the action of which is aimed at accelerating the memorization of information of any volume. These include:

Complete parsing and understanding of readable data, it is important to understand what is written and what the main idea studied information.
Visualization of what has been read, namely, try to mentally select a suitable picture for each sentence or word.
After reading the information, it is desirable rewrite everything what is memorized on a piece of paper. This will help you understand what data is learned and what needs to be worked out again.
An excellent assistant for memorizing text is considered author's reading, i.e. listening to data using audio recording.
Try several times a day reread what is being studied.
In order to memorize the text read it before bed.
To quickly memorize the text, you need take breaks during the period of work.
Comfortable environment and absence of external irritants help you easily remember a large amount of data.

How to train memory for memorizing text

The human brain constantly needs to be trained, because without any load it “turns off”, and information is not able to be absorbed well. You can use certain techniques that will help you remember information better. Learn the text by heart as quickly as possible:

an effective method of memory training is the recall of various unpleasant situations that have happened to a person for Lately, and best of all, a written summary of the mentioned;
change of scenery, while learning certain types information, for example, in different rooms, this method favorably affects;
for quick memorization of the text and memory training, experts advise trying to pronounce each word loudly and clearly;
you can train your memory with the help of gestures and expression, namely, help yourself by expressing feelings and experiences, for example, if you need to learn a dialogue, you just need to play it with your interlocutor, and gestures of individual words and phrases will also be a great help;
in order to train your memory and memorize large amounts of information, just listen to yourself from the outside, record a piece of text on a voice recorder, and listen to the audio in headphones before going to bed;
walking while memorizing data is considered another effective method, the fact is that while walking, brain cells are activated, and information is quickly and well absorbed;
you can train memory using the technique of 60 words in 60 seconds, that is, you need to pronounce 1 word in 1 second, these can be both the names of plants and the capitals of the world;
memorization foreign words can improve memory.

Thanks to these techniques, you can train an excellent memory and logical thinking, which will help improve, and the question "how to remember a large text?" will fall off by itself.

How to read to better remember

But, nevertheless, how best to remember and assimilate a large amount of information? A trained memory is able to accept a large amount of information if you resort to improving the quality of their assimilation. There is a whole technique that can help you absorb information and remember it in the shortest possible time:

Concentrate and try to realize the goal, namely, to think about how this information will be useful and whether it will bring positive results.
Familiarize yourself with the table of contents and content. main goal such a technique is the awareness of what the reader is to explore. This method can not only train memory, but also prepare the reader for long or short passages.
To memorize and improve the assimilation of the information provided, it is advisable to choose only paper media, since proofreading text from electronic media reduces productivity by 30%.
Getting rid of external irritating factors is another important point for a productive result.
A short summary of each chapter will be a useful method for better assimilation of the information.
An attempt to retell the read material to the interlocutor will help the reader to understand the information well. You just need to read, not memorize information, but try to delve into them.

How to quickly remember the text and retell it

Often in schools or universities they are given a task - retelling the information read. This method is used so that the reader can not only improve and strengthen his memory, but also learn how to express his thoughts correctly and correctly, especially for schoolchildren. In order to correctly retell the information read, you should follow some rules:

for better assimilation of the data, it is necessary to read at least once what has been stated in advance;
the right choice of reading time will help to assimilate the material and accurately interpret it in your own words;
identifying difficult moments to study and repeating them separately;
determination of the key points of the text, the relationship and sequence of actions, this will help to fully and accurately retell the learned material;
a good rest after the learned material is the key to a high-quality retelling of information.

One of the main problems faced by newly-born schoolchildren and their parents is the ability to quickly and accurately retell the text they read. However, quite often, adults do not have the patience to overcome possible difficulties and teach the baby such a skill. And turning a blind eye to the problem of a child in elementary school, middle-level students have little idea of the algorithm for working on retelling. As a result, performance in most subjects is reduced. Consider the method of mastering the skill of retelling.

The importance of the ability to paraphrase

The ability to retell is reflected in the performance of the child

Retelling is a transfer in your own words of the main idea of the read text with elements of analysis of the actions of the main characters. To convey the meaning of what is read is taught in elementary school. But ideally, this skill should be formed even before school, since it determines many factors in a child's readiness for further education. Among them:

memory development;
thinking training;
vocabulary replenishment;
the ability to establish causal relationships;
ability to analyze the actions of other people.

Causes of difficulties with retelling in a child

To develop the ability to retell, it is very important to concentrate on what you read.

Psychologists and educators are unanimous in their opinion that the main reason for the difficulty in conveying in one's own words the meaning of what is read in children is undeveloped speech. What is included in this concept?

Poor vocabulary. The child cannot explain his actions in words or comment on the actions of other people - from this, the baby often begins to replace words with gestures.
The child does not communicate with peers. It is in a conversation with friends that the baby shows his ability to convey his thoughts to the interlocutor. That is, he needs to speak quickly and clearly. In communicating with parents, these requirements can be largely neglected, since loved ones will still wait for the end of your speech and will make every effort to understand their child. Children are much less patient.
The kid can't read. If a child goes to school and still does not know how to read, then be prepared for the fact that he will have problems with both speech and retelling. At a certain stage of development, children need a passive vocabulary, which is formed in the process of reading. Thus, the child has little communication with adults and children, he needs knowledge of concepts that go beyond the level of everyday speech. This information comes in the process of reading.

In addition to undeveloped speech, a significant obstacle to the development of retelling is the inability of the child to focus on one type of activity.

Ways to teach in elementary and middle grades

Children should be taught to read from an early age.

All the difficulties associated with teaching a child to retell are interconnected. Therefore, the ways to overcome these difficulties have a single focus:

talk more with the child (and this should be done from birth, because it is what is heard from the parents that forms the initial ideas of the crumbs about the world, then the baby begins to copy the actions of adults, and thus he develops coherent speech faster, which is needed to convey the information he heard or read );
sing songs (all words have their own melody, which is easier to remember in songs, in addition, children's songs are based on accessible stories, and the baby can easily retell them);
read aloud with the child (reading perfectly develops memory, without which it is impossible to learn to retell, and expands the vocabulary necessary for practicing speech);
memorize poems by heart (memorization not only makes the child concentrate, but also helps to memorize the word order in accordance with the plot of the work).

Correct selection of text for retelling

Books with illustrations are best for young children.

To implement these approaches to overcoming the difficulties of retelling, it is extremely important to choose the right works. These should be:

not too long narratives (do not forget that the child is not able to concentrate on one type of activity for a long time);
interesting stories (the kid is unlikely to be interested in a boring description of nature);
memorable few characters (in the selected texts there should not be too many characters, moreover, it is good if each of them has its own bright distinctive features).

Teaching methods for reading comprehension

Learning to retell from pictures can be a fun game

This is interesting. According to requirements State standard education, a first grader should be able to retell 50% of the plot of the text, and a 5th grade student - 100%.

The technologies for teaching retelling are, in principle, the same for both very young children and older children. The difference is only in the methods of implementation of each specific technique.

Retelling from illustrations to the text. For kids, it’s better if these are drawings in a book, but for kids school age you can draw such reference pictures yourself. When difficulties with retelling arise, for example, in the 5th or 6th grade, then a journey through the pictures can be offered: put a stack of pictures on the table, the child must “collect” the plot in order and tell about everything that happens in the illustrations.
Retelling on behalf of the hero. After reading the story, the child needs to imagine himself as one of the heroes and tell what happened to him in this story. This method is especially attractive to students in grades 1-2, who still do not quite clearly distinguish between truth and fiction. For schoolchildren in grades 3-5, the task can be complicated: ask them to tell about what is happening on behalf of several heroes, giving an assessment to each act, that is, try to analyze themselves in the proposed circumstances.
Retelling in faces. This method is great for very young readers who are still playing with dolls. Invite the child to make a dramatization according to the text, making his favorite toys the heroes.
Translation according to plan. Getting to school, the child needs to quickly learn that all his actions should be subordinated to a certain routine. In this case, the ability to plan is important. By the way, this is a great way to learn how to quickly and in detail retell the text. The older the baby gets, the shorter the plan should be - so the child will learn to work with the reference diagram, keeping smaller details in his head.
Compilation of a reader's diary. It is very useful for middle school students to acquire a reader's diary, where records are made about the books read, indicating the names of the characters, the plot of the story, and the most striking moments of the plot are described. The diary will become an indispensable assistant to the child during subsequent training, when the volume of texts required for reading and retelling will increase exponentially. For kids, such a diary can be compiled orally (that is, periodically return the child to what has already been read, asking him leading questions about the plot).

The ability to retell texts plays a very important role in the success of schoolchildren. It is also a necessary skill for the development of critical thinking, memory and speech. It doesn't take a lot of effort on the part of parents to teach a child to retell. You just need to be patient and make the work on the text interesting for your child.

Very often, first-graders and their parents are faced with the same problem - the inability to retell the text quickly and efficiently. Sometimes adults do not have the strength, patience or experience to teach their kids this skill. Turning a blind eye to problems primary school, parents discover that high school their children do not even know with the text. And so that there are no problems with academic performance in the future, adults should think in advance about how to teach the child to retell the text.

What is the use of retelling for a child

Paraphrasing is a presentation in your own words of the read text. But the development of this skill should not be reduced only to good study and to the fact that the entire school curriculum is designed for retelling. Parents should understand that the ability to retell the child will bring many advantages, and here are the main ones:

The development of memory and the ability to convey other people's thoughts at ease. At the same time, the process can be creative, which in the future will lead to the development of the ability to comment and analyze various situations.
Destruction of the primitive reflex circuit "read - retell the text" and replacing it with a more complex one - "receiving information - processing it - retelling".
Increase in vocabulary, as well as the development of speech.
The ability to associatively evaluate facts, situations and compare them with their possible actions.
Brief retelling provides an opportunity to make a summary of the text, and also teaches the presentation of the main and most useful information.

Possible difficulties and problems

Often children have problems with retelling. Experts identify several reasons: difficulties in understanding the text heard, as well as problems speech development. If in the second case it is necessary to direct efforts towards the development of the speech apparatus not through retelling, then in the first case one should think about how to teach the child to retell the text.

Correct choice of text for retelling

To overcome all the difficulties as quickly as possible, you need to choose the right text.

Main selection criteria:

the narrative should be short (children do not know how to concentrate their attention on one activity for too long);
the baby should have an interest in the plot (a boring description of nature is unlikely to be interesting for the child);
in the selected text there should not be too many heroes, moreover, each of them should have some kind of bright distinguishing feature.

Work on the text

When working with a child on a retelling, it is necessary to read the text expressively. You need to discuss everything with the baby, ask what he does not understand, and clarify unfamiliar words. Let the child think about why the text has such a name, and what he liked the most. In conclusion, the kid should try to retell the text himself.

At the very beginning of the training, you can add work with plot pictures. They will push the child to draw up a presentation plan and help to consistently retell the text.

Pictures are laid out in random order after reading the text. The child himself must decide on the course of events and arrange the cards with images in the correct order. Further, it will be much easier for the baby to retell what he heard, starting from the pictures.

The basic plan for preparing a child for retelling

For the correct teaching of the child to retell, you can recommend a few simple rules:

After reading the text, you need to choose the most important.
Next, you need to return to the beginning of the text and read a small part of it.
As you read each of the parts, you should ask your child questions about what was presented and what, in his opinion, was the most interesting.
Let's start with one sentence. For young children, this is not an easy task; parental help will be needed.
When answering, the child should not answer verbatim.
Now you should move on to another equally important stage - drawing up a plan. For each of the parts you need to come up with a small heading.
You can work with text in a playful way. You can try to retell each sentence you read in your own words.
Following this algorithm, understand how to teach the child to retell the text. After all of the above, it remains to retell the text, following the previously drawn up plan.
You need to be patient, and at the end of the work done, be sure to praise your baby.

How to teach retelling to a young child

Methods for teaching children to retell are almost the same at any age. The difference lies in the implementation of each.

Not every parent knows how to teach a child to retell a text. Grade 1 often uses a technique such as "retelling on behalf of the main character." Telling the story to students elementary school, you need to invite them to imagine themselves in the place of the main character and tell what happened to him. Older students can complicate the task: let them tell a story on behalf of several characters and evaluate their actions.

Parents who do not know how to teach a 5-year-old child to retell a text can turn to the “retelling in faces” method. Young readers who love to play with dolls can make a scene where their favorite toys become the main characters.

How to teach a middle-aged child to retell

Getting to school, children must learn to subordinate all their actions to a certain order. And here the ability to make plans comes to the aid of the child. This, in combination, is an excellent technique that will tell you how to teach an eight-year-old child to retell texts, it is called “retelling according to plan”. The older the student gets, the shorter the plan should be. Thus, the child will quickly learn to work with reference diagrams and memorize minor details.

It will be useful for middle school students to work with reader diaries. There, students can make notes about the books they read: indicate storylines, prescribe the names of all the main characters. Such a diary can become an indispensable assistant in learning, and a brief retelling will be much easier. For younger children, such a diary can be written orally, periodically returning them to the text they read and asking leading questions.

The ability to retell is a necessary skill that favorably affects the development of memory, speech and thinking. It must be remembered that retelling is not a training for the child’s memory, but for understanding the information presented. Thinking about how to teach a child to retell a text, you do not need to require mechanical memorization. If the kid understands everything, then it will not be difficult for him to tell the text in his own words.

In this article, we have prepared a selection of techniques for you. effective learning to retell the text.

You will learn:

The Gabmurger technique, and how it can be used to teach a child to highlight the main idea in the text

The "Fish" technique with which it is easy to prepare a retelling of the text

The technique of "Spider-cards", which will help to assimilate the material read

The "Wand" technique for retelling and working with literary text

These materials will make working with the text of the textbook not only interesting and exciting, but also as useful as possible for the development of thinking in children.

And you can also download them to your computer to immediately try them out in action.

[Hamburger Effective Learning Technique]

Textbook text is like a hamburger: they both have multiple layers.

Only in a hamburger it is a cutlet and cheese, and in the text it is an introduction, main idea, details, climax, conclusion.

Use this graphic organizer to help your child build a retelling of the text.

1. For the top layer, write a main idea that represents the main idea.

2. Fill in the middle layers with support pieces.

3. The bottom layer holds it all together with the final output.

An example of using "Hamburger"

[Effective Learning Technique "Fish"]

To make it easier to prepare for oral subjects, use fish.

To do this, draw the head, the skeleton of the fish.
And along the skeleton, write down the answers to the questions that are asked at the end of the paragraph.
You can write a short answer, 1-2 keywords.

Such a fish can be placed on a desk, and during the oral response of a paragraph or the completion of written work, one glance will be enough to remember the material of the textbook.

This simple technique allows you to spend less effort and better memorize the material.

You can make many fishes and put them in a folder.

This will simplify the process of preparing for the quarter and final examinations.

[Effective Learning Technique "Spider Cards"]

Use the map to organize your thoughts and make the textbook easier to understand and retell.

A spider map will help you do this.

1. Write the title of the paragraph in the center.

2. In each cell of the web, write in detail the arguments and main facts that were listed in the text.

An example of using "spider"

[How to retell a literary text? Six Question Technique]

To retell a literary text, you can prepare a plan for a child, consisting of six questions.

This technique will help your child think about various elements story.

Cut out questions and glue each to a stick (or tube).

When reading together, stop periodically and pass the stick to your child to use as a cue.

You can also simply print the questions and stick them with tape on the cover of the textbook.

The child, answering questions, successfully retells what he read.

Who is this text talking about? Is this a story or a fairy tale?
How did it all start?
What happened next?
What ended?
Good heroes? Why are they good?
Bad heroes? Why are they bad?
What are the difficulties in history? How were they decided?

Answering questions, the child systematizes what he read.

You can download all four helpers right now to print and start using right away.

To do this, enter the e-mail to which to send the documents:

The methods described above are a fragment from the book by Renata Kirilina “How to teach a child to retell a text”

The book contains effective ways teaching a child to retell fiction and educational literature. What makes the book unique is the simulators included in the edition, as well as "helpers" that each reader can download to use with their children to prepare a retelling. A book for parents of schoolchildren, teachers.

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