Standards for the chemical composition of drinking water. GOST, Sanpin and hygienic requirements for the quality of drinking water
Water supplied to consumers is divided into two categories - technical and drinking.
And each of them has its own sanitary and hygienic requirements. The quality of drinking water must strictly comply with the established GOST.
Industrial water is mainly used in the water supply of boilers, refrigeration plants, for cooling, heating and fire extinguishing systems. Despite this scope, the liquid must be completely safe for human health.
Hygienic requirements for the quality of water supplied to the consumer through the public water supply system are controlled at the highest level. Water is the first source of emergence and development of infectious and non-infectious diseases in humans.
Indicators by which the quality of tap water is controlled
Quality control is carried out in accordance with GOST 2874-82 and provides for the assessment of tap water according to several standards:
- organoleptic;
- bacteriological;
- toxic;
- chemical.
Bacteriological indicators
The bacteriological safety of drinking water supplied to the consumer is determined by the presence of E. coli bacteria, saprophytic bacteria, etc. in the liquid.
If, during the water test, bacteriological indicators exceed even slightly the norm, a secondary water sampling is performed. In addition to bacteria of the E. coli group, water is checked for the presence of endogram-negative bacteria, which, by the way, must be present in tap water. Their absence indicates the unsatisfactory condition of the entire plumbing system and requires urgent action to be taken to eliminate it.
Organoleptic indicators
The organoleptic indicator of tap drinking water includes the norm of substances that are present in natural water and are added to the plumbing system already in the process of preparing water for shipment to the consumer.
Hygienic requirements for drinking water (GOST) establishes the following concentration of substances in tap water, which should not be exceeded:
- chlorides - 350 mg/l;
- hardness salts - 7 mg / l;
- polyphosphates - 3.5 mg / l;
- copper - 1.0 mg/l;
- iron and its compounds - 0.3 mg / l;
- sulfates - 500 mg/l;
- residual aluminum - 0.5 mg/l;
- manganese - 0.1 mg / l;
- pH indicator - 6.0-9.0;
- dry residue - 1000 mg / l.
The assessment of the organoleptic properties of drinking water is also carried out according to the following criteria:
- the smell of water without heating to 20 C and after heating to 60 C - 2 points (maximum 5 points);
- the taste of the liquid, its aftertaste and taste - 2 points (maximum - 5 points);
- water color is measured in degrees and is always agreed with the sanitary and epidemiological service of the city or the whole region - the norm is 20 o -35 o on a 70 o scale;
- turbidity - 1.5 mg / l (during the flood period, the turbidity index is allowed - up to 2 mg / l).
Toxicological indicators
Include criteria for impurities that may be found in natural water, as well as added to the water at the time of its pre-treatment for sending to the water supply network.
Be sure to evaluate the content of arsenic, strontium, boron, beryllium. The purpose of the test is also to examine the water for the absence of pesticides and oil products that may enter the consumer due to pollution from industrial emissions and wastewater from agricultural fields and farms.
At the water utility, before it goes through the water supply network, water is tested for harmful impurities, dangerous bacteria and toxins.
Some water utilities conduct "live" tests using crayfish for this purpose.
Animals are lowered into the water with pre-attached sensors. Harmful substances that get into the water immediately "reflect" on the well-being of crayfish - tachycardia, hypertension, etc. This may be a strange way of testing, but it is quite effective. Crustaceans live only in perfectly clean natural water.
Water from the water intake enters the filtration system, where it is purified from third-party impurities, disinfected, iron-free, and all third-party natural impurities are removed. An obligatory stage of purification is chlorination.
The greatest amount of chlorine is added during the flood period - in the spring.
Does flooding affect water quality?
The natural process - flood - involves the flow of melt water into the water intake, and with it the entry of viruses, salts, heavy metals, pesticides and other substances that are no less dangerous to human health into the water intake.
In the spring, water is considered the dirtiest, therefore, it requires enhanced cleaning and monitoring of its performance, almost doubling the dosage of chlorine.
There are cases when the amount of chlorine was increased 12 times. The reason is the mass departure of residents of the city in the Rostov region of drinking tap water contaminated with rotavirus.
At each water utility, regardless of the size and status of the settlement, the established sanpin is strictly observed. Drinking water, the hygienic requirements for which are quite serious and high, is constantly tested and studied.
Today, people are "savvy" in matters of water quality - even the excessive smell of chlorine in the water causes a lot of dissatisfaction and concern among consumers about the quality of drinking water.
The quality of water supplied to the consumer through the public water supply system is regulated by GOST 2874-82, the requirements for water for which are similar to those established in the EU and the USA.
Ongoing research in the field of water supply and standard-setting indicates the constant development and improvement of standards, both in Europe and in Russia. And every year these standards are being tightened, which implies the presentation of more and more stringent requirements for the quality of drinking water supplied to the consumer.
There is no single standard in the world, but in general, in many respects, the hygienic requirements for drinking water quality are similar. The first priority for absolutely all countries is the bacteriological safety of drinking water.
Taking into account the current critical situation with environmental pollution by industrial emissions, the issue of compliance of water quality with chemical and toxicological indicators is also relevant and is in second place after bacteriological safety.
To date, a direct relationship has already been established between the contamination of drinking water by industrial waste and the health of the population that consumes this water. The list of diseases of the population associated specifically with the consumption of poor-quality drinking water is expanding every year, which is reflected in the introduction of even more stringent drinking water quality standards in the world.
GOST R 51232-98
Group H08
STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
DRINKING WATER
General requirements for the organization and methods of quality control
drinking water. General requirements
for organization and quality control methods
OKS 13.060.20
Introduction date 1999-07-01
Foreword
1 DEVELOPED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TK 343 "Water Quality" (VNIIstandart, MosvodokanalNIIproekt, GUP TsIKV, UNIIM, NIIECHGO named after A.N. Sysin GITsPV)
INTRODUCED by the Department of Agrolight Industry and Chemical Products of the State Standard of Russia
3 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
1 area of use
This standard applies to drinking water produced and supplied by centralized drinking water supply systems and establishes general requirements for the organization and methods of drinking water quality control.
The standard applies in terms of requirements for control methods and for drinking water of non-centralized and autonomous water supply systems.
The standard is also used when carrying out certification work.
GOST 8.315-97 GSI. Standard samples of the composition and properties of substances and materials. Basic provisions
GOST 8.417-81 GSI. Units of physical quantities
GOST R 8.563-96 GSI. Measurement techniques
GOST 3351-74 Drinking water. Methods for determining taste, smell, color and turbidity
GOST 4011-72 Drinking water. Methods for measuring the mass concentration of total iron
GOST 4151-72 Drinking water. Method for determining the total hardness
GOST 4152-89 Drinking water. Method for determining the mass concentration of arsenic
GOST 4192-82 Drinking water. Methods for the determination of mineral nitrogen-containing substances
GOST 4245-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of chlorides
GOST 4386-89 Drinking water. Methods for determining the mass concentration of fluorides
GOST 4388-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining the mass concentration of copper
GOST 4389-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of sulfates
GOST 4974-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of manganese
GOST 4979-49 Water for household and industrial water supply. Methods of chemical analysis. Sampling, storage and transportation of samples
GOST 18164-72 Drinking water. Method for determining the content of dry residue
GOST 18165-89 Drinking water. Method for determining the mass concentration of aluminum
GOST 18190-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of residual active chlorine
GOST 18293-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of lead, zinc, silver
GOST 18294-89 Drinking water. Method for determining the mass concentration of beryllium
GOST 18301-72 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of residual ozone
GOST 18308-72 Drinking water. Method for determining the content of molybdenum
GOST 18309-72 Drinking water. Method for determining the content of polyphosphates
GOST 18826-73 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of nitrates
GOST 18963-73 Drinking water. Methods of sanitary-bacteriological analysis
GOST 19355-85 Drinking water. Methods for the determination of polyacrylamide
GOST 19413-89 Drinking water. Methods for determining the mass concentration of selenium
GOST 23950-88 Drinking water. Method for determining the mass concentration of strontium
GOST 24481-80 Drinking water. Sample selection
GOST 27384-87 Water. Standards of measurement error of indicators of composition and properties
GOST R 51000.1-95 GSS. Accreditation system in the Russian Federation. System of accreditation of certification bodies, testing and measuring laboratories. General requirements
GOST R 51000.3-96 General requirements for testing laboratories
GOST R 51000.4-96 GSS. Accreditation system in the Russian Federation. General requirements for accreditation of testing laboratories
GOST R 51209-98 Drinking water. Method for determining the content of organochlorine pesticides by gas-liquid chromatography
GOST R 51210-98 Drinking water. Boron content determination method
GOST R 51211-98 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of surfactants
GOST R 51212-98 Drinking water. Methods for determining the content of total mercury by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry
3 General
3.1 This standard is used in the organization of production control and the choice of methods for determining the quality indicators of drinking water and water source water, in assessing the state of measurements in laboratories, in their certification and accreditation, as well as in the implementation of metrological control and supervision of the activities of laboratories that carry out quality control ( determination of the composition and properties) of drinking water and water source.
3.2 The quality of drinking water must comply with the requirements of the current sanitary rules and regulations approved in the prescribed manner.
3.3 Production quality control of drinking water is organized and (or) carried out by organizations that operate water supply systems and are responsible for the quality of drinking water supplied to the consumer.
3.4 The organization of the work of production control should provide measurement conditions that allow obtaining reliable and timely information about the quality of drinking water in units of quantities established by GOST 8.417, with a determination error not exceeding the standards established by GOST 27384, using measuring instruments entered in the state register of approved types of measuring instruments and verified. Methods used to determine drinking water quality indicators must be standardized or certified in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 8.563; to determine biological indicators, it is allowed to use methods approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia.
3.5 Laboratories are subject to assessment of the state of measurements according to and (or) accreditation in accordance with GOST R 51000.1, GOST R 51000.3, GOST R 51000.4.
3.6 Water control for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms is carried out in laboratories that have permission to work with pathogens of the corresponding pathogenicity group and a license to perform these works.
3.7 Production quality control of drinking water includes:
Determination of the composition and properties of water from a water supply source and drinking water at water intake points, before it enters the water supply network, distribution network;
Input control of the availability of accompanying documentation (technical specifications, certificate of conformity or hygienic certificate (hygienic conclusion) for reagents, materials and other products used in the water treatment process;
Input selective control of products used in the process of water treatment for compliance with the requirements and regulatory documentation for a specific product;
In accordance with the technological regulations, step-by-step control of the optimal doses of reagents introduced for water purification;
Development of a control schedule agreed with the territorial bodies of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia and (or) departmental sanitary and epidemiological supervision in the prescribed manner, which should contain controlled indicators; the frequency and number of samples taken; points and dates of sampling, etc.;
Emergency notification of sanitary and epidemiological supervision centers about all cases of drinking water quality control results that do not meet hygienic standards, first of all, excesses in microbiological and toxicological indicators;
Monthly informing the centers of sanitary and epidemiological supervision about the results of production control.
3.8 When making administrative decisions on assessing the excess of the results of determining the content of the controlled indicator in relation to the hygienic standard for the quality of drinking water, the results of determining the content of the controlled indicator without taking into account the values of the error characteristic are taken into consideration. In this case, the determination error must comply with the established standards.
3.9 To determine the quality of drinking water, laboratories accredited in accordance with the established procedure for technical competence in performing drinking water quality tests may be involved on a contractual basis; when conducting arbitration and certification tests - for technical competence and legal independence.
3.10 Laboratories must comply with safety, fire safety and industrial hygiene requirements.
4 Production control
4.1 Production control of water quality is carried out at the places of water intake from the source of water supply, before it enters the distribution water supply network, as well as at the points of the distribution network.
Water quality control at various stages of the water treatment process is carried out in accordance with the technological regulations.
4.2 The number of points for sampling water and their location at the water intake, in clean water tanks and pressure conduits, before entering the distribution network, are established by the owners of the water supply systems (external and internal) in agreement with the bodies of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia and (or) departmental sanitary epidemiological surveillance. Water sampling from the distribution network is carried out from street water-dispensing devices on the main main lines, on its most elevated and dead-end sections, as well as from the taps of the internal water supply networks of houses.
It is allowed to take samples from the taps of pipelines introduced into the production laboratory from the main control points of water sampling, if this ensures the stability of the water composition at the stage of its transportation through the pipeline to the laboratory.
4.3 Selection, conservation, storage and transportation of water samples is carried out in accordance with GOST 4979, GOST 24481, as well as in accordance with the requirements of standards and other applicable regulatory documents for methods for determining a specific indicator, approved in the prescribed manner.
4.4 In terms of metrological support, laboratories must meet the following conditions:
Application of verified measuring instruments;
Use of state and interstate standard samples (GSO);
Use of standardized and (or) certified methods of definitions, as well as methods approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia;
Availability of updated documents on control indicators and analysis methods;
Permanent intralaboratory quality control of the results of determinations;
The system of advanced training of laboratory personnel.
4.5 To control the quality of drinking water, use the methods of determination specified for:
Summarized indicators in Table 2;
Some inorganic substances in table 3;
Some organics in table 4;
Some harmful chemicals that enter and form in the process of water treatment, in table 5;
Organoleptic properties of drinking water in table 6;
Radiation safety of drinking water in table 7.
|
Name indicator |
Method of determination, designation ND |
|
Microbiological indicators for decentralized drinking water supply systems |
|
Table 2 - Methods for determining generalized indicators of drinking water quality
|
Name indicator |
Method of determination, designation ND |
|
|
Hydrogen indicator |
Measured by a pH meter, the error is not more than 0.1 pH |
|
|
Total mineralization (dry residue) |
Gravimetry (GOST 18164) |
|
|
General hardness |
Titrimetry (GOST 4151) |
|
|
Oxidability permanganate |
Titrimetry * |
|
|
Oil products (total) |
IR spectrophotometry * |
|
|
Surfactants (surfactants) anionic active |
Fluorimetry, spectrophotometry (GOST R 51211) |
|
|
Phenolic index |
Spectrophotometry * |
|
|
* Valid until the approval of the relevant state standard. |
||
Table 3 - Methods for determining the content of certain inorganic substances in drinking water
|
Name indicator |
Method of determination, designation ND |
|
Ammonium nitrogen (NH) |
Photometry (GOST 4192) |
|
Aluminum (A1) |
Photometry (GOST 18165) |
|
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry |7]* |
|
|
Fluorimetry * |
|
|
Barium (Ba) |
Atomic emission spectrometry * |
|
Photometry * |
|
|
Beryllium (Be) |
Fluorimetry (GOST 18294) |
|
Atomic emission spectrometry * |
|
|
Boron (V, total) |
Fluorimetry (GOST R 51210) |
|
Spectrophotometry * |
|
|
Fluorimetry * |
|
|
Atomic emission spectrometry * |
|
|
Iron (Fe, total) |
Photometry (GOST 4011) |
|
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * |
|
|
Atomic emission spectrometry * |
|
|
Cadmium (Cd, total) |
Photometry * |
|
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * |
|
|
Atomic emission spectrometry * |
|
|
Manganese (Mn, total) |
Photometry (GOST 4974) |
|
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * |
|
|
Atomic emission spectrometry * |
|
|
Copper (Cu, total) |
Photometry (GOST 4388) |
|
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * |
|
|
Atomic emission spectrometry * |
|
|
Fluorimetry * |
|
|
Molybdenum (Mo, total) |
Photometry (GOST 18308) |
|
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * |
|
|
Atomic emission spectrometry * |
|
|
Arsenic (As, total) |
Photometry (GOST 4152) |
|
Stripping voltammetry * |
|
|
Titrimetry * |
|
|
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * |
|
|
Atomic emission spectrometry * |
|
|
Nickel (Ni, total) |
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * |
|
Atomic emission spectrometry * |
|
|
Photometry * |
|
|
Nitrates (by NO) |
Photometry (GOST 18826, *) |
|
Spectrophotometry * |
|
|
Ion chromatography * |
|
|
Nitrite (NO) |
Photometry (GOST 4192) |
|
Ion chromatography * |
|
|
Spectrophotometry * |
|
|
Fluorimetry * |
|
|
Mercury (Hg, total) |
Atomic absorption spectrometry (GOST R 51212) |
|
Lead (Pb, total) |
Photometry (GOST 18293) |
|
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * |
|
|
Atomic emission spectrometry * |
|
|
Fluorimetry * |
|
|
Stripping voltammetry * |
|
|
Selenium (Se, total) |
Fluorimetry (GOST 19413) |
|
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * |
|
|
Atomic emission spectrometry * |
|
|
Strontium (Sr) |
Emission flame photometry (GOST 23950) |
|
Atomic emission spectrometry * |
|
|
Sulphates (SO) |
Turbidimetry, gravimetry (GOST 4389) |
|
Ion chromatography * |
|
|
Fluorides (F) |
Photometry, potentiometry with ion-selective electrode (GOST 4386) |
|
Fluorimetry * |
|
|
Ion chromatography * |
|
|
Chlorides (Сl) |
Titrimetry (GOST 4245) |
|
Ion chromatography * |
|
|
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * |
|
|
Atomic emission spectrometry * |
|
|
Photometry * |
|
|
Chemiluminometry * |
|
|
Cyanides (CN) |
Photometry * |
|
Photometry (GOST 18293) |
|
|
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry * |
|
|
Atomic emission spectrometry * |
|
|
Fluorimetry * |
|
|
Stripping voltammetry * |
|
|
* Valid until the approval of the relevant state standard. |
|
Table 4 - Methods for determining the content of certain organic substances in drinking water
|
Name indicator |
Method of determination, designation ND |
|
HCC isomer (lindane) |
|
|
DDT (sum of isomers) |
Gas-liquid chromatography (GOST R 51209) |
|
2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) |
|
|
carbon tetrachloride |
Gas-liquid chromatography * |
|
Gas-liquid chromatography * |
|
|
Benz(a)pyrene |
Chromatography * |
|
Fluorimetry* |
|
|
* Valid until the approval of the relevant state standard. |
|
Table 5 - Methods for determining harmful chemicals entering and forming in the process of water treatment
|
Name indicator |
Method of determination, designation ND |
|
Chlorine residual free |
Titrimetry (GOST 18190) |
|
Residual chlorine bound |
Titrimetry (GOST 18190) |
|
Chloroform (when chlorinating water) |
Gas-liquid chromatography * |
|
Ozone residual |
Titrimetry (GOST 18301) |
|
Formaldehyde (when ozonating water) |
Photometry * |
|
Fluorimetry * |
|
|
Polyacrylamide |
Photometry (GOST 19355) |
|
Activated silicic acid (by Si) |
Photometry * |
|
Polyphosphates (according to RO) |
Photometry (GOST 18309) |
|
* Valid until the approval of the relevant state standard. |
|
Table 6 - Methods for determining the organoleptic properties of drinking water
|
Name indicator |
Method of determination, designation ND |
|
|
Organoleptics (GOST 3351) |
||
|
Organoleptics (GOST 3351) |
||
|
Chroma |
Photometry (GOST 3351) |
|
|
Turbidity |
Photometry (GOST 3351) |
|
|
Nephelometry * |
||
|
Measurement with a turbidity meter with a determination error of not more than 10% |
||
|
* Valid until the approval of the relevant state standard. |
||
Table 7 - Methods for determining the radiation safety of drinking water
|
Name indicator |
definitions |
|
General - radioactivity |
Radiometry * |
|
General - radioactivity |
Radiometry * |
|
* Valid until the approval of the relevant state standard. |
|
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GOST R 52109-2003
STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
DRINKING WATER,
PACKED IN A CONTAINER
General specifications
GOSSTANDART OF RUSSIA
Moscow
Foreword
1 DEVELOPED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 343 "Water Quality"
INTRODUCED by the Department of Agricultural Products, Food, Light and Chemical Industry of the State Standard of Russia
2 ADOPTED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree of the State Standard of Russia dated July 3, 2003 No. 237-st
3 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
GOST R 52109-2003
STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
the dateintroductions 2004-07-01
1 area of use
This standard applies to drinking water packaged in containers and intended for drinking purposes, as well as for the preparation of food products, including baby food, drinks, food ice (OKP code 01 3100), and establishes general technical conditions for the production, supply, sale and use.
The standard does not apply to mineral drinking medicinal and medicinal table waters packaged in containers, supplied in accordance with GOST 13273.
The requirements of this standard are intended for all business entities in the territory of the Russian Federation, regardless of the form of ownership and subordination.
2 Normative references
MUK 4.1.1013-2001 Guidelines for determining the mass concentration of petroleum products in water. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 2001
MVI 272-02 Method for determining the mass concentration of total organic carbon in samples of natural, drinking, industrial and waste water by IR spectroscopy. JSC "Sverdlovenergo", Yekaterinburg, 1999
ISO 9963-1-94 Water quality. Determination of alkalinity. Part 1. Determination of total and compound alkalinity
MUK 4.1.057-96 Guidelines for measuring the mass concentration of aluminum by the fluorimetric method in water and water samples from surface and underground water sources. Approved by the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia on May 21, 1996. Collection of guidelines MUK 4.1.057 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. chemical factors. Measurement of the mass concentration of chemicals by luminescent methods in environmental objects. Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1997
RD 52.24.486-95 Guidelines. Method for performing measurements of the mass concentration of ammonia and ammonium ions in waters by the photometric method with Nessler's reagent. Approved by Roshydromet. M., 1995
MUK 4.1.059-96 Guidelines for measuring the mass concentration of boron by the fluorimetric method in water samples and water from surface and underground water sources. Approved by the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia on May 21, 1996. Collection of guidelines MUK 4.1.057 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. chemical factors. Measurement of the mass concentration of chemicals by luminescent methods in environmental objects. Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1997
MUK 4.1.063-96 Guidelines for measuring the mass concentration of copper by the fluorimetric method in water samples and water from surface and underground water sources. Approved by the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia on May 21, 1996. Collection of guidelines MUK 4.1.057 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. chemical factors. Measurement of the mass concentration of chemicals by luminescent methods in environmental objects. Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1997
ISO 11969-96 Water quality. Definition of arsenic. Atomic absorption method (hydride technique)
MUK 4.1.065-96 Guidelines for measuring the mass concentration of nitrite by the fluorimetric method in water samples and water from surface and underground water sources. Approved by the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia on May 21, 1996. Collection of guidelines MUK 4.1.057 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. chemical factors. Measurement of the mass concentration of chemicals by luminescent methods in environmental objects. Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1997
PND F 14.1:2:4.160-2000 Quantitative chemical analysis of water. Methodology for measuring the mass concentration of total mercury in samples of natural, drinking and waste water using the “cold steam” method on the RA-915 mercury analyzer with the RP-91 attachment. Approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, M., 2000
RD 52.24.450-95 Guidelines. Determination of hydrogen sulfide and sulfides in waters with N, N-dimethyl- n-phenylenediamine. Approved by Roshydromet, M., 1995
ISO 7393-1-85 Water quality. Determination of free and total chlorine. Part 1. Titrimetric method using N , N -diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine
ISO 7393-2-85 Water quality. Determination of free and total chlorine. Part 2. Colorimetric method using N , N -diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine for serial control
ISO 7393-3-90 Water quality. Determination of free and total chlorine. Part 3: Determination of total chlorine by iodometric titration
RD 52.24.446-95 Guidelines. Photometric determination in waters of chromium ( VI ) with diphenylcarbazide. Approved by Roshydromet, M., 1995
MU 2542-76 Ministry of Health of the USSR Guidelines for the determination of symtriazine herbicides (simazine, atrazine, propazine, promethrin, semeron, mesoranil, metazine, metoprotrin, primatol- m) in corn grain, water and soil by gas-liquid chromatography. Approved by the Ministry of Health of the USSR, M., 1976
MUK 4.1.069-96 Guidelines for measuring the mass concentration of total and volatile phenols by the fluorimetric method in samples of drinking water and water from surface and underground water sources. Approved by the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia on May 21, 1996. Collection of guidelines MUK 4.1.057 - MUK 4.1.081-96. Control methods. chemical factors. Measurement of the mass concentration of chemicals by luminescent methods in environmental objects. Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 1997
PND F 14.1:2:4.120-97 Quantitative chemical analysis of water. Methodology for measuring the mass concentration of formaldehyde by the fluorimetric method in samples of natural, drinking and waste water on the liquid analyzer "Fluorat - 02". Approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, M., 1997
MUK 4.1.646-96 Guidelines for the gas chromatographic determination of halogen-containing substances in water. Collection of guidelines MUK 4.1.646-96 - MUK 4.1.660-96. Control methods. chemical factors. Guidelines for determining the concentrations of chemicals in the water of the centralized domestic drinking water supply. Approved by the Ministry of Health of Russia, M. 1997
ISO 9308-1-2000 Water quality. Detection and quantification of common coliform bacteria, thermotolerant coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli . Part 1. Membrane filtration method
ISO 9308-2-90 Water quality. Detection and quantification of common coliform bacteria, thermotolerant coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli . Part 2. Titrimetric method (most probable number)
ISO 6222-99 Water quality. Quantitative accounting of cultivated microorganisms. Colony counting by inoculation into nutrient agar culture medium
ISO 6461-1-86 Water quality. Detection and quantitative accounting of spores of sulfite-reducing anaerobes (clostridia). Part 1: Liquid enrichment method
ISO 6461-2-86 Water quality. Detection and quantitative accounting of spores of sulfite-reducing anaerobes (clostridia). Part 2. Membrane filtration method
Keywords: drinking water; drinking water packaged in containers; source of drinking water supply; centralized drinking water supply system; quality indicators; property characteristics; indicators of safety and harmlessness of drinking water packaged in containers; control methods; manufacturer's warranty
DRINKING WATER
HYGIENE REQUIREMENTS AND CONTROLS
FOR QUALITY
GOST 2874-82
STANDARDS PUBLISHING HOUSE
Moscow
STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR
Validity from 01.01.85
until 01.01.95
This standard applies to drinking water supplied by centralized drinking water supply systems, as well as centralized water supply systems that supply water for both domestic and drinking and technical purposes, and establishes hygiene requirements and control over the quality of drinking water.
The standard does not apply to water with non-centralized use of local sources without a distributing pipe network.
1. HYGIENE REQUIREMENTS
1.1. Drinking water should be epidemically safe, harmless in chemical composition and have favorable organoleptic properties.
1.2. The quality of water is determined by its composition and properties when it enters the water supply network; at the points of water intake of the external and internal water supply network.
1.3. Microbiological indicators of water
1.3.1. Epidemic water safety is determined by the total number of microorganisms and the number of bacteria of the Escherichia coli group.
Standard
Test method
The number of microorganisms in 1 cm 3 of water, no more
According to GOST 18963-73
The number of bacteria of the group of Escherichia coli in 1 dm 3 of water (coli-index), no more
According to GOST 18963-73
1.4. Toxicological indicators of water
1.4.1. Toxicological indicators of water quality characterize the harmlessness of its chemical composition and include standards for substances:
found in natural waters;
added to water during processing in the form of reagents;
appearing as a result of industrial, agricultural, domestic and other pollution of water supply sources.
Standard
Test method
Residual aluminum (Al), mg/dm 3 , no more
According to GOST 18165-89
Beryllium (Be), mg/dm 3 , no more
0,0002
According to GOST 18294-89
Molybdenum (Mo), mg/dm 3 , no more
0,25
According to GOST 18308-72
Arsenic (As), mg/dm 3 , no more
0,05
According to GOST 4152-89
Nitrates (NO 3), mg/dm 3 , no more
45,0
Standard
Test method
Hydrogen index, pH
6,0-9,0
Measured with a pH meter of any model with a glass electrode with a measurement error not exceeding 0.1 pH
Iron (Fe), mg/dm 3 , no more
Standard
Test method
Smell at 20 ° C and when heated to 60°, points, no more
According to GOST 3351-74
Taste and taste at 20° C, points, no more
According to GOST 3351-74
Color, degrees, no more
According to GOST 3351-74
Turbidity according to the standard scale, mg/dm 3 , no more
According to GOST 3351-74
Note. By agreement with the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service, it is allowed to increase the color of the water up to 35 °; turbidity (during the flood period) up to 2 mg / dm 3.
(Revised edition, Rev. No. 1).
1.5.4. The water must not contain aquatic organisms visible to the naked eye and must not have a film on the surface.
On water pipelines with an underground source of water supply, water analysis during the first year of operation is carried out at least four times (according to the seasons of the year), in the future - at least once a year in the most unfavorable period according to the results of observations of the first year.
On water pipes with a surface source of water supply, water analysis is carried out at least once a month.
2.4. Laboratory and production control of water quality before entering the network is carried out according to microbiological, chemical and organoleptic indicators.
2.4.1. Microbiological analysis is carried out according to the indicators established in.
On water pipes with an underground source of water supply, an analysis should be carried out in the absence of disinfection:
at least once a month - with a population of up to 20,000 people;
at least twice a month -»»» up to 50,000 people;
at least once a week - »»» more than 50,000 people;
when disinfecting:
once a week - with a population of up to 20,000 people;
three times a week -»»»up to 50,000 people;
daily -»»»more than 50,000 people.
On water pipes with a surface source of water supply, an analysis should be carried out:
at least once a week and daily in the spring and autumn periods - with a population of up to 10,000 people;
at least once a day - more than 10,000 people.
Residual chlorine concentration, mg/dm 3
Required contact time of chlorine with water, min, not less than
1. Free
0,3-0,5
2. Bound
0,8-1,2
Note. In the joint presence of free and combined chlorine, with a free chlorine concentration of more than 0.3 mg / dm 3, control is carried out according to subparagraph 1, with a free chlorine concentration of less than 0.3 mg / dm 3 - according to subparagraph 2.
2.4.4. In some cases, at the direction of the sanitary-epidemiological service or in agreement with them, an increased concentration of residual chlorine in the water is allowed.
2.4.5. When ozonizing water for the purpose of disinfection, the concentration of residual ozone after the displacement chamber should be 0.1-0.3 mg / dm 3 while ensuring a contact time of at least 12 minutes.
2.4.6. If it is necessary to combat biological fouling in the water supply network, the injection sites and doses of chlorine are agreed with the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service.
2.5. Chemical analysis of water is carried out according to the indicators established in and (with the exception of residual amounts of reagents), as well as according to. The list of indicators and the frequency of sampling are agreed with the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service, taking into account local natural and sanitary conditions.
2.5.1. Laboratory and production control over residual amounts of reagents and removed substances during water treatment in water pipes by special methods is carried out depending on the nature of the treatment in accordance with the schedule agreed with the sanitary and epidemiological service, but at least once per shift.
2.6. The organoleptic indicators indicated in are determined in the analysis of all samples (with the exception of samples for residual chlorine and ozone) taken from underground and surface sources in water pipes.
If microbial contamination is found in excess of permissible standards, to identify the causes of contamination, repeated sampling should be carried out with additional studies for the presence of bacteria-indicators of fresh fecal contamination according to GOST 18963-73, mineral nitrogen-containing substances according to GOST 4192-82 and GOST 18826-73; chlorides according to GOST 4245-72.
2.7.1. Sampling in the distribution network is carried out from street water-dispensing devices that characterize the quality of water in the main main water supply lines, from the most elevated and dead-end sections of the street distribution network. Sampling is also carried out from the taps of the internal water supply networks of all houses with pumping and local water tanks.
2.7.2. The total number of samples for analysis at the indicated locations of the distribution network must be agreed with the authorities of the sanitary and epidemiological service and comply with the requirements.
Table 6
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The minimum number of samples taken throughout the distribution network per month |
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Up to 10000 |
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Up to 20000 |
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Up to 50,000 |
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Up to 100000 |
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Over 100,000 |
The samples do not include mandatory control samples after repair and reconstruction of the water supply and distribution network.
Table of maximum permissible concentrations
If the characteristics of your water do not meet the standards, contact a water treatment specialist.
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Quality indicators checked during water analysis |
Maximum Permissible Concentration |
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SanPiN |
European Economic Community |
World Health Organization |
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1. Organoleptic indicators of water quality |
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Smell, in points |
no more than 2 |
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Taste, in points |
no more than 2 |
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Color in degrees |
no more than 20 |
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Turbidity, NMF, mg/l |
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2.Indicators determined in the chemical analysis of water |
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Hydrogen index (pH) |
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General hardness, mg-eq/l |
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Iron total/dissolved, mg/l |
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Chlorides, mg/l |
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Sulphates, mg/l |
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Manganese, mg/l |
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Calcium, mg/l |
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Magnesium, mg/l |
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Ammonium, mg/l |
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Fluorides, mg/l |
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Hydrogen sulfide, mg/l |
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3. Sanitary indicators determined by water analysis |
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Permanganate oxidizability, mgО2/l |
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Nitrates, mg/l |
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4. Biological indicators determined by water analysis |
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Total microbial count (mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic), number of bacteria per 100 ml. |
no more than 50 |
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Common coliform bacteria, number of bacteria per 100 ml. (BGKP coli-forms) |
absence |
The results of the analysis of water from a well play a decisive role in choosing a technological scheme for water treatment. At the same time, water quality indicators (hydrogen index, alkalinity, permanganate oxidizability, etc.) are also taken into account, which are within acceptable limits, but without taking into account which it is quite difficult to select the composition of equipment for water purification. For referenceThe following table shows the recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Community (EC) and the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia (SanPiN, formerly GOST) values most important water quality parameters, given, if possible, to Russian units of measurement. drinking water requirements
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