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The UK Royal Air Force took delivery of the first Airbus A400M Atlas tactical air transport, to form its first squadron during 2015. The plane arrived from an aircraft factory located in Seville, Spain.
The Airbus A400M is the first of 22 aircraft ordered by the UK for delivery by 2018. The main recipients of the aircraft will be European countries: France - 50 units, Spain - 27 units, Germany - 53 units. and Great Britain - 22 units.

The Airbus A400M Atlas is a four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft. Design work and production is carried out by the Airbus Military division.
The aircraft was developed as a transport glider to replace the obsolete Transall C-160 and Lockheed Martin C-130 Hercules. In addition to transportation, the liner can perform the functions of electronic surveillance and air refueling.

To date, 174 aircraft have been ordered and are to be delivered to 8 countries. In March 2013, the aircraft was issued a flight safety certificate with full certification by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). The first aircraft was delivered to the French Air Force in August 2013. The total cost of the liner is 152.4 million euros.

The aircraft has a cargo compartment:

• length - 17.71 m,
• width - 4 m,
• height - 3.85 m,
• ramp 5.4 m long.

To perform tactical tasks, the aircraft is equipped with various equipment designed:

for the carriage of goods;

transportation and landing of troops;

as a tanker;

transportation of the wounded;

electronic intelligence.

The Airbus A400M has carbon fiber and reinforced plastic wings. The propellers are 8-bladed propellers made of composite material. The propellers on each wing rotate in the opposite direction, which is extremely rarely used.

The aircraft is fitted with a new Miras missile warning infrared sensor.
Specifications:

crew - 3 or 4 pilots;

carrying capacity - 37 tons, 116 personnel or 66 stretchers with the wounded;

dimensions: length -45.1 m, height - 14.7 m;

wingspan - 42.4 m;

weight (gross) - 76.5 tons;

maximum takeoff weight - 141 tons;

fuel tank capacity - 50.5 tons;

power plant - 4X Europrop TP400-D6, 11,000 hp each;

cruising speed - 780 km / h;

flight range - 3298 km;

flight range - 8710 km;

climb ceiling - 11300 m;

runway - lifting -980 m, landing 770 m.

Airbus A400M Atlas interior

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Why would it suddenly "Machine Park" decided to remember the European history of cargo tricycles? The reason was the emergence of a new project for the production of such equipment in Russia.

It turned out that many believe that three-wheeled trucks are the lot of almost backward third world countries. We insist: this is absolutely not true!

01. Here it is, the reason to turn to the topic - the newly appeared Russian cargo tricycle " Bumblebee"with a carrying capacity per ton, with a rear axle from the VAZ "classics" and an original private cabin.

"Already under the Chinese we mow" - it was possible to hear remarks of skeptics. No. The world of cargo tricycles is, in fact, very diverse. The theme is rich in both a long history and a variety of options. And, above all, Europe has the richest traditions in this. Let's talk about them:

02. The first designs on motorcycle units appeared at the beginning of the century. By the end of the 1920s, cargo tricycles were already an established "genre", and in the 1930s they became an established mode of commercial transport. This is how, for example, the products of a British company looked like Reliant mid 1930s.

Already in the early 1930s, a new branch appeared in the typology of tricycles, closer to cars than to motorcycles. A separate cab and automotive-style steering wheel control appear. We will focus on tricycles with this control principle.

GERMANY:

03. One of the founders of the use of a car steering wheel on tricycles is Goliath is a German company based in Bremen. small truck Goliath F200 and its early 1930s chassis is an example of an early "car-type" cargo tricycle.

Competitors are not far behind. Goliath's main rival was the firm Tempo from Hamburg.

04. Here is her classic model - Tempo A400, whose production started in 1937 and did not stop even during the Second World War.

And after the war, pre-war tricycles came in handy.

05. Since 1949 Tempo launched into production a modernized version of the pre-war A400 under the name Tempo Hanseat. Improved suspension, load capacity was 750 kg. The motors were different, with a capacity of 12.5 - 15 hp, with a volume of about 400 "cubes". In Germany Tempo Hanseat did until 1956. The total "circulation" amounted to 37,131 pieces.

06. Then the license for this tricycle truck was sold to India, where it was produced without changes until ... 2000! Issue volumes Tempo Hanseat in India, they numbered in the hundreds of thousands.

In parallel with the Hanseat model, the firm Tempo made outwardly similar (but different) model boy with a 9.5-horsepower engine of a smaller cubic capacity - 244 cm 3.

07. Tricycle Tempo boy structurally it was also identical to the pre-war "junior" model Tempo A200 and also, like the older brother, was produced until 1956. They were built less - 5930 pieces. On the photo is a copy Tempo boy with a beautiful van body and to this day is operated by one of the bakeries in Düsseldorf.

Throughout the first half of the 1950s in Germany, in the field of tricycle construction, the company Tempo And Goliath fiercely competed, remaining the main competitors of each other, thereby developing the genre.

08. tricycle truck Goliath GD750 with a carrying capacity of 750 kg with a 13-horsepower 493-cc engine was produced from 1949 to 1955. They were built a little less than competitors Tempo Hanseat, but also decent - 30,093 copies.

09. For changing Goliath GD750 new model arrived Goliath Goli, comparable in characteristics, but with a modern design for those years and a more comfortable cabin. Released Goliath Goli from 1955 to 1961.

10. For six years of production, 9904 cars were built. Into history Goliath Goli entered as the last German tricycle. And yet, perhaps, Goliath Goli can be considered the most beautiful and elegant cargo tricycle of all time.

So, Germany left the club of tricycle builders in the mid-1950s, but the French, British, Italians and ... Greeks did not let go of the banner. In order:

FRANCE:

Have you heard of French cargo tricycles? There were such.

11. In Lyon the firm New Map made a funny cargo tricycle Solyto. This funny "kolobok" with a 125-cc engine with a capacity of 5.5 hp. carried 200 kg of cargo. Produced New Map Solyto until 1974. They built about 4000 pieces. And, yes, he had a car steering wheel.

12. And here on the right is not a fake, not a photoshop, not a homemade madman, but quite a serial French cargo tricycle in the version of a tractor. called FARCM69. And, yes, his cabin is the same one that we know from, popular in the USSR.

The company did such miracles F onderie et A teliers du R hone or abbreviated F.A.R. Completely different cabs and engines were used, but the chassis design did not fundamentally change for decades.

13. Firm F.A.R. made tractor tricycles from 1937 (left) to the early 1970s (right) under a British license purchased from the company Scammell. The family was called Cheval mecanique. Translated as "mechanical horse".

Initially, the British "Mechanical Horses" are another legendary page in the history of tricycle construction, so let's move to the islands of the United Kingdom.

GREAT BRITAIN:

The idea of ​​a tricycle-tractor, nicknamed "Mechanical horse" belongs to a London firm Napier. It was she who developed the concept of a terminal road train with an ultra-fast coupling / disengagement system with semi-trailers. The three-wheeled compact tractor gave the best maneuverability. "Mechanical horses" were intended for work in warehouses, terminals, ports, etc.

14. The idea was immediately taken up by the company. Karrier Motors Limited, which began to produce a similar "Mechanical Horse" company Napier your model Karrier Cob since 1931.

15. But to perfection the idea mechanical horse brought exactly Scammell who bought from Napier rights to a tricycle tractor. In this photo, side by side, from right to left, are all three generations of terminal tricycles. Scammell - mechanical horse, scarab And Townsman. Total from the early 1930s to the late 1960s Scammell produced about 30,000 tricycle tractors of three generations.

16. The British firm referred to in paragraph 02 Reliant Motors eventually moved from making motorcycle tricycles to making fun three-wheeled cars Rigal / Robin / Rialto more like cars, but, in fact, remained tricycles.

17. Tricycles Rigal / Robin / Rialto were mainly passenger, but there were also modifications in the form of commercial vans. These cars have become iconic, and the latest version Reliant Rialto 2 produced until 1997.

An interesting fact - Greece was a fairly prominent manufacturer of cargo tricycles. We tell.

GREECE:

Bend your fingers: Alta, Atlas, AK Hellas, Biotechnia Ellinikon Trikyklon, DINAP, FALL-CAR, Mantzouki, MEBEA, Motoemil, MotorCar, Pan-Car, ROS, SAM, STYL KAR. What's with the "curse" spik? These are all the names of companies that made cargo tricycles with an automobile steering wheel (including heavy ones) in Greece alone! Raise your hand, who has heard of even one of these firms? :)

18. In order not to "litter" the material with Greece, we will show only one example. Pictured is a truck DINAP 1200 with a load capacity of 1000 kg, which was made in Athens in the 1960s. In Greek letters, the brand was written like this - ΔΗΝΑΠ .

Another European reserve of cargo tricycles, by right, can be considered Italy.

ITALY:

It was the Italians who for the longest time in Europe made a heavy (by the standards of this class of cars) tricycle with a load capacity of 1500 kg with a diesel engine. Biography and genetics of the machine, which was called Macchi M.B.1, just crazy.

19. Developed by an old aircraft manufacturing company Aermacchi. Release began in 1945. It is curious that almost immediately the machine was adopted by the Italian Air Force as an airfield mini-cleaner.

20. An important design feature Macchi M.B.1 there was a front swivel fork, built by analogy with the front landing gear of aircraft, which ensured a smooth ride unprecedented for such machines. Here you can clearly see the design of this rack.

21. From 1945 to 1955, the machine was equipped with a gasoline engine with a working volume of 750 cm 3, and from 1955 they began to install ... a small diesel engine with a volume of 973 cm 3 and a power of 18 hp. There were also interesting one-volume bodies.

22. In 1960, a 50% stake in the motorcycle division Aermacchi bought ... American Harley-Davidson. The machine began to be sold under a double brand Aermacchi Harley-Davidson.

Agree an unusual combination: developed by aircraft builders who ate a dog on fighters and bombers, the rights were owned by Americans from Harley-Davidson, the engine was a diesel engine, and the machine itself ... "just" a cargo tricycle.

23. In 1971 a consortium Aermacchi Harley-Davidson sold the rights to manufacture this car to a small, but widely known in narrow circles for its SUVs, automotive company Bremach, which installed a new cabin and produced Macchi M.B.1 already branded Bremach M.B.1 until 1990, after which ...

24. After that, the rights to manufacture this tricycle were once again resold to another company - Air Diesel(also Italian), which, once again reworking the cabin, produced Macchi M.B.1 a few more years. Thus, the history of a heavy Italian cargo tricycle with an unusual biography lasted for more than half a century.

As for light tricycles, a lot of companies have made such equipment in Italy - Moto Guzzi, Innocenti under the Lambretta brand ... a lot of examples. But there is a special case, his name is - Piaggio.

25. In today's Europe, the "tricycle" and Piaggio- words are synonyms. The company is the European leader in the tricycle industry. Her families Ape Classic, Ape 50(both with motorcycle handlebars) and ApeTM(with a car steering wheel) - the main and most famous cargo tricycles of modern Europe.

26. The "senior" model from the modern range - Piaggio ApeTM- commercial truck. At ApeTM load capacity is 700-800 kg and, we repeat, a car steering wheel is installed. In terms of characteristics, it is closest to the Russian "Bumblebee".

What do we have?

USSR - RUSSIA:

In the Soviet Union, cargo scooters were made by only two enterprises, both completely defense-regime-weapons - Vyatsko-Polyansky machine-building plant "Hammer"(Kirov region) and Tula Machine Building Plant. Scooters for them were "consumer" by-products. In the Kirov region, they took the famous Italian scooter as a basis Vespa 150GS. The trucks were designed by ourselves. At the Tula Machine-Building Plant, they also started with copying. German scooters served as a prototype Glass Goggo 200. The profession of a truck was also given independently.

27. Here is what the magazine "Behind the wheel" wrote about cargo scooters " Vyatka in 1960: Just three years ago, mass production of scooters was mastered " Vyatka-150". Then the plant produced only one type of machine - VP-150, light and beautiful, like a bird, a forward-facing roller. Now "Vyatka" has multiplied its ranks. Taking care of the convenience of consumers, engineers and designers have created about ten different models of Vyatka.»
It was about the cistern. MG-150Ts, dump truck MG-150S, "platform" MG-150P. They were also shown in the illustrations in ZR No. 2/1960.

Cargo tricycles in Tula began to be made in 1957. For the period before the stop of production in 1995, 9 (!) Tula basic models replaced each other, the carrying capacity of which gradually increased from 200 to 410 kg. And the account of modifications (not counting the experienced ones) goes to dozens of options.

28. But most famous TGM-200, for which for the first time they began to use the name " Ant"since 1968. Airborne and "van" versions are just two of several modifications in which it existed.

In the 1990s and early 2000s, cargo motorcycle tricycles were produced by almost all post-Soviet motorcycle plants - Izhevsk, Irbitsky, Minsk. But the public remembers Tula best of all " Ant". Therefore, the creators of the Russian "Bumblebee" appeal to him, positioning their product as if heir to the traditions of "Ant".

28. However, what unites "Bumblebee" and "Ant" is perhaps the number of wheels and "citizenship". For the rest" Bumblebee"- quite different. In general, " Bumblebee"- the initiator of his own traditions, but ascending with his roots precisely in Europe.

Looking ahead, we announce a detailed story about the design of the "Bumblebee". We got acquainted with this machine and studied it in detail. Don't switch. Coming soon on "M-Park" a detailed review of the Russian tricycle.

Manufacturer Airbus Military First flight December 11, 2009 Start of operation 2013 (plan) Status produced, operated Development program cost € 20-25 billion Unit cost € 145 million Images at Wikimedia Commons

Airbus A400M- four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft manufactured by Airbus Military.

The first copy of the A400M was demonstrated on June 26, 2008 in Seville.

Design

Turboprop engines A400M (model)

According to the developers, the A400M aircraft will provide for the transfer of troops and cargo, their landing by parachute or landing method in any weather conditions and at night using unprepared runways, including unpaved ones, and have a relatively low life cycle cost. In addition, this military-technical vehicle must fly at high subsonic speeds at low altitudes as part of a group, have an armored cockpit and vital systems, as well as four underwing pylons for installing outboard refueling units or EW system containers. According to its creators, the service life of the new machine will be at least 30 years, and the operating temperature range is ± 50 °C. Complexes and systems of on-board radio-electronic equipment (avionics) are planned to be combined with a multiplex data distribution bus of the 1553 V standard.

The new aircraft will be a high-wing wide-body monoplane with a T-tail and a cargo ramp at the rear of the fuselage. The design is supposed to widely use composite materials, as well as components and assemblies of a modular type.

It is planned to include four turboprop engines with a capacity of at least 13,000 hp into the power plant of the machine. With. every. As the main option, a promising Ml 38 engine jointly developed by SNECMA (France), MTU (Germany), Fiat Avia (Italy) and ITP (Spain), made on the basis of the gas generator of the M88 bypass turbojet engine, which is equipped with the Rafale tactical fighter, is considered. At the beginning of 2000, these companies decided to create a new enterprise - TIP (Turboprop International), whose main task will be the development and production of Ml 38 engines for the A-400M aircraft. It is believed that this will achieve the specified performance characteristics of the aircraft.

The expected composition of the aircraft avionics will include a modern radar station, a high-precision navigation system, advanced means of displaying information in the cockpit, including color multifunctional indicators and information display equipment on the windshield, as well as an integrated control system, which, according to the developers, can significantly reduce the workload on the crew and reduce it to two people.

The volume of the cargo compartment will be about 340 m³, which is almost 2 times more than that of existing aircraft of a similar purpose. This will make it possible to place all the main types of weapons without prior dismantling, including the AN-64, Tiger, A. 129, Puma HNH-90 helicopters, artillery pieces, including 203-mm M110 howitzers (SAU), multiple launch rocket systems and armored personnel carriers. At the same time, it must be equipped with a cargo ramp, on which it is possible to install cargo and equipment weighing at least 6 tons.

According to the calculations of the developers, the promising aircraft will have high combat effectiveness and improved performance compared to the existing tactical military-technical cooperation. Due to its takeoff and landing characteristics and improved chassis design, it will be able to take off (land) from unprepared unpaved areas up to 900 m long, as well as perform maneuvers with a small turning radius.

Based on the A-400M, it is planned to create a version of a transport and refueling aircraft with two or three refueling points. It is believed that, having on board 45 tons of delivered fuel, it will be able to provide patrols for 3 hours at a distance of about 930 km from the base airfield.

The total cost of the A-400M military-technical cooperation development program is about $6 billion. According to foreign experts, the air forces of Western European countries need more than 250 new aircraft (Germany - 75, France - 62, Great Britain - up to 50, Italy - 32, Turkey - 20, Belgium - 12 and Portugal - 9) at a cost of 60 - 70 million dollars.

In connection with the reduction of the defense budget of France and Germany for the period from 1997 to 2002, they refused state funding for the program. At the same time, they do not object to the creation of the aircraft at the expense of the development firms, which will be reimbursed to them in the future. To select the best solutions for the acquisition of new aircraft for their Air Force, specialists from the Western European Union analyzed the state of development of promising military-technical cooperation in the United States, Russia and Ukraine in order to determine the possibility and expediency of their purchase.

The summary report noted that the promising S-17A (USA), An-70 (Ukraine, Russia) and its export version, the An-7X, are significantly superior to the A-400M aircraft in a number of performance indicators, in particular, in terms of the payload / flight range criterion, and fully meet European standards, it was also noted that the development of the An-70 military-technical cooperation is ahead of the A-400M project by at least ten years. At the same time, their purchase for the Air Force of Western European countries was recognized as undesirable and the need for further work on this program was justified. The main arguments in favor of this are the relatively high cost of American cars, as well as the need to preserve and further development the potential of the European aerospace industry and entering the international market with aircraft of our own design.

For these purposes, the main companies participating in the program, on the basis of the Aerospatial company, created the Airbus Military industrial association, which includes about 30 percent. its production capacity. Its main task is to carry out work to ensure the preparation of production and construction prototype aircraft. Financing of this phase (about 500 million dollars) is carried out directly by the firms participating in the creation of a new military-technical cooperation. The association expressed its readiness to finance the French part of the program (1.3 billion dollars) upon receipt of firm guarantees of the order by the French Air Force with subsequent payment for at least 52 aircraft. The company's specialists believe that the first flight of the new aircraft may take place in 2004, and the supply of military-technical cooperation to combat units will begin in 2006.

On June 26, 2008, in the city of San Pablo near Seville, at the aircraft factory of the Spanish company CASA, which is part of EADS, the roll-out ceremony of the first prototype of the A400M medium military transport aircraft took place. This aircraft has been in development since 2003, with components manufactured in Germany, France, South Africa, Turkey and the UK, with final assembly in Spain. At the moment, EADS has orders for 192 A400M, and in the future it is going to build up to 400 machines. Flight tests of the A400M are scheduled to begin this year, and it will be put into service in 2010. The celebration in San Pablo was attended by the King of Spain Juan Carlos I and other VIPs

Order cancellations

Specifications

• Modification: A400M
• Wingspan, m: 42.40
• Aircraft length, m: 45.10
• Aircraft height, m: 14.70
• Wing area, m²: 221.5
• Empty weight: 70000
• Maximum takeoff weight: 141000
• Internal fuel, kg: 50500
• Engine type: 4 HPT Europrop International TP400-D6
• Power, hp: 4 x 11000
• Cruise speed, M: 780 (M=0.72)
• Ferry range, km: 9260
• Practical range, km: 7220
• Range with maximum load, km: 4300
• Practical ceiling, m: 11280
• Crew, people: 2-3
• Payload: 120 paratroopers or soldiers or 66 stretchers with attendants or 37,000 kg of cargo or 41,000 kg of fuel, loading options: 2 RAH-2 Tiger or AH-64 Apache helicopters, or 1 Cougar, NH90 helicopter, or 1 GTK-type armored transport vehicle, or 6 Land Rover vehicles, or 1 Roland rocket launcher, or two 5-ton trucks with 2 1 05mm guns, or 40 40ft ISO containers, or 1 mobile crane.

Notes

Links

And again about motorized carriages of the pre-war period. The last issue was dedicated to Framo, but now we will talk about another German company - Tempo.

Tempo was founded in Hamburg in 1928. The first product was a three-wheeled cargo ... er ... tarantass called T1.

Tempo T1, 1928-1930 264 produced.

They were produced for only two years and 264 pieces were made. In the mid-30s, a whole family of tricycles appeared, both cars and trucks, unified with each other. Here is the passenger Tempo:

Tempo 3-rad, 1930s

But apparently, there were few light tricycles produced: there is almost no information about this model. But a whole family of trucks was produced: A200, A400, E200, E400. They had an identical “muzzle” and cabin, but different engine sizes and different bodies: a pickup truck, a flatbed truck, a van.

Tempo A400 airborne, 1938-1948

Tempo A400 pickup, 1939

A400 was the most massive: from 1938 to 1948, 36,790 units were produced.

Trmpo E400 van, 1936-1937 3311 pieces

Four-wheel trucks A600 and E600 were also produced.

Tempo A600, 1938-1943 11499 pieces.

But the most exotic car was the Tempo Vidal G1200. This is a passenger car, but not an easy one, but a golden four-wheel drive. With two engines. One in front and one in the back. True, no more than 20 pieces of such “pullers” were released.

Tempo Vidal G1200, 1936-1939 (-1941?) Issued at most 20 pieces.

After the war, the company continued to produce the three-wheeled E400, which was modernized in 1948 and received the name Hanseat. Under this name, it was produced until 1956, after which its production was transferred to India. In the 50s, the Matador family of cabover trucks and vans appeared, but that's another story.