Back in 1924, writers and artists got together and decided to publish a magazine for children. No sooner said than done: stories, poems were written, pictures were drawn. But the magazine does not have a name yet. They thought, argued, guessed. And to someone I remembered the popular pre-revolutionary books about the funny adventures of little forest men who wander around the world. Among the many tiny creatures was a mischievous and prankster named Murzilka. He didn't look like he does now. In addition, the popularity of him and the little forest men was so great that on the basis of the then popular magazine for the little ones, Sincere Word, a newspaper of the kingdom of babies called Murzilka Journal was published in 1908:

And here is a poetic portrait of Murzilka the Elf, published in 1908 in this newspaper:

Knock, knock, knock on the glass ... He opened the window,

I see - suddenly a very strange guest flies in.

The growth of a fingernail, nimble thin-legged

And in his little hand he holds a cane tightly ...

There was that guest in a tailcoat with tails-ends,

In a silk top hat, with a glass in the eye,

in elegant boots with long socks

And his eyes looked like a dragonfly ...

Murzilka! - this name became a godsend and established itself both for the hero and for the new magazine. And in 1924 the very first issue of the Murzilka magazine was published.

But on this, apparently, the doubts of the editorial board about the correctness of the choice of the hero of the magazine did not end, since in the book Murzilka was still a little man or a dwarf, and in the magazine he had to become a little white dog and travel with his friend and owner - the boy Petya:

He was friends with the pioneers, knew the homeless, was almost stabbed to death by one doctor for the needs of medicine, spent the night in a cage with a polar bear, flew on hot-air balloon, lived at the fire station ...

However, even in this guise, writers, artists, and the children themselves did not really like Murzilka, and the hero began to appear less and less on the pages, and then completely disappeared. And without a hero, a children's magazine is boring.
And then the editors asked the famous artist Aminadav Kanevsky to create the image of Murzilka. It was in 1937:

Publications in the Literature section

The first children's magazines

Children's magazines were a real window into the world for Soviet schoolchildren: they published funny stories, serious literature, entertaining puzzles, and educational contests. Each magazine of the Soviet era, one way or another, also performed an educational function - a generation of future Soviet citizens grew up on their didactic publications. Together with the Kultura.RF portal, we leaf through archival files and get acquainted with the main children's heroes of the pre-war era.

"Northern Lights" (1919–1920)

Cover of the Northern Lights magazine, No. 10-12, 1919. Photo from the archive of digitized materials of the National Electronic Children's Library.

Page of the journal "Northern Lights", No. 10-12, 1919. Photo from the archive of digitized materials of the National Electronic Children's Library.

Maksim Gorky. Photo: citaty.mira5.com

The magazine "Northern Lights", the brainchild of Maxim Gorky, was the very first Soviet publication for children from 9 to 12 years old. Materials in it were allowed only ideologically correct. For example, "Northern Lights" published essays about the combat everyday life of miners in Central Asia; the poem "Conquered Palaces" - about the palaces, which after the revolution did not belong to the kings, but to the people; the anti-religious story "Yashka" about a desperate Red Army soldier who abandoned paradise in order to return to earth to fight for a just cause. It is on such literature, and not on fairy tales, according to the creators of the magazine, the children of the new country should have been brought up.

The magazine was published in Petrograd for a very short time, about two years. The design of the issues was ascetic and modest: graphic black-and-white illustrations diluted two columns of text. Despite this, the Northern Lights quickly won its audience, and in 1920 the magazine was published with a circulation of almost 1,500 copies. However, this did not save him from closing: in the period civil war there was simply not enough paper for a permanent issue of a children's magazine in the city.

"New Robinson" (1923–1925)

Cover of the New Robinson magazine, No. 12, 1924. Photo: violity.ru

Cover of the New Robinson magazine, No. 8, 1926. Photo: violity.ru

Page of the New Robinson magazine. Photo: expositions.nlr.ru

Samuil Marshak. Photo: polit.ru

This legendary Soviet magazine was originally published under the name "Sparrow", but the publishers considered this name too frivolous. A new, more serious, magazine received in 1924 and became famous precisely with it.

"New Robinson" was published on the basis of the Leningrad studio of children's literature, which was led by Samuil Marshak. The famous children's poet attracted young and talented writers to the magazine, who later became classics of children's books: Vitaly Bianchi, Boris Zhitkov, Evgeny Schwartz.

The lyrics in New Robinson were less biased than in Northern Lights. The editors under the leadership of Marshak understood that children needed a fun and interesting publication. Therefore, the magazine published popular science essays, stories about nature, humorous poems and notes. He gave the floor to the young readers themselves: he published letters from "detcorers", that is, "children's correspondents" about their lives and hobbies, as well as reviews of the magazine itself. The bold design of the "New Robinson" was in keeping with the NEP era and took shape under the influence of constructivism in painting: bright color combinations, play of shapes, fonts and experiments with composition.

The magazine closed in 1925 after another wave of criticism from the Russian Association of Proletarian Writers for its "free spirit".

"Hedgehog" (1928–1935)

Cover of the magazine "Hedgehog", No. 9, 1928. Photo: expositions.nlr

Cover of the magazine "Hedgehog", No. 1, 1928. Photo: expositions.nlr

Fragment of the magazine "Ezh". Photo: expositions.nlr

Fragment of the magazine "Ezh". Photo: d-harms.ru

The magazine "Hedgehog" - in deciphering "monthly magazine" - was another bright project of Samuil Marshak and the unofficial heir to the "New Robinson". Oberiut poets who did not recognize traditional forms literature, Daniil Kharms, Alexander Vvedensky, Nikolai Oleinikov and Nikolai Zabolotsky were first published. The Hedgehog was designed by famous Soviet artists Vladimir Lebedev, Yuri Vasnetsov and Nikolai Radlov. Despite the fact that the magazine did not differ in color variety, it was richly illustrated with graphics and black-and-white comics, a variety of fonts, silhouettes and even photographs were used for its design.

In the early years, the magazine focused not on the ideological education of children, but on humor, fascinating and informative texts, and poetic amusements. The Hedgehog published stories about animals, about the life of African peoples, about customs different countries, about travels to the North and South Poles. The children were offered detailed instructions on the creation of bows and slingshots, schemes for modeling aircraft and hang gliders. The idea of ​​communist education found an original embodiment in the magazine: instead of opportunistic propaganda texts, it published letters from pioneer children from the Soviet republics and even foreign countries. In them, they themselves talked about life, about themselves and about the "benefits of socialism."

However, this approach was not enough. In 1935, the magazine was closed after a long persecution in proletarian publications, where its educational policy was called alien to Soviet children.

"Chizh" (1930–1941)

Cover of the magazine "Chizh", No. 3, 1938. Photo: expositions.nlr.ru

Fragment of the magazine "Chizh", No. 3, 1932. Photo: expositions.nlr.ru

Eugene Schwartz. Photo: bel.kp.ru

Nikolay Oleinikov. Photo: polit.ru

"Extremely interesting magazine"First came out as an appendix to the Hedgehog, but soon became an independent publication. In the early years, the Hedgehog team was engaged in its release. Nikolai Oleinikov and Yevgeny Schwartz, trying to maintain the policy of the Hedgehog, paid much attention to the publication of non-ideological poems, educational materials and games. They have been adapted for readers of the youngest age. For example, in the “School “Chizh”” section, children were taught to carefully pour milk into a glass, cut bread and understand what time the clock shows. For entertainment, they published puzzles, puzzles and instructions on how to make toys with their own hands from improvised materials.

The target audience of Chizh was preschoolers, so the magazine was rich in various illustrations and small literary genres, as well as playful texts like letters from the name of "fat tomato" and "straight carrot", who dream of getting into the soup to the kids. In the design, the artists preferred sketchy caricature illustrations, watercolor sketches and satirical sketches. Chizh published works by the outstanding book illustrator Vladimir Konashevich, who became famous as the author of the classic design of books by Korney Chukovsky, Agniya Barto and Samuil Marshak.

"Chizh" inherited the spirit of freedom of creativity of the Oberiuts, they communicated with children not from the standpoint of proletarian education, but on an equal footing, as with little friends. Nevertheless, the editors could not avoid party influence - therefore, politicized materials appeared on the pages of Chizh, such as a fairy tale about little Volodya Ulyanov or a comic strip about how Lenin came from abroad and made a revolution.

The magazine existed until the beginning of the Great Patriotic War; in different time in addition to the Oberiuts, Georgy Dietrich, Tamara Gabbe, Mikhail Zoshchenko, Yuri German were published in it.

"Pioneer" (1924 - present)

Cover of Pioneer magazine, No. 1, 1967. Photo: bibliograph.ru

Fragment of Pioneer magazine, 1925. Photo: wordpress.com

Korney Chukovsky. Photo: bibliograph.ru

Konstantin Paustovsky. Photo: paustovskiy.od.ua

This magazine was directly addressed to the true Soviet pioneer child. "Pioneer" appeared in the mid-1920s and was published until the early 1990s. Despite the tendentiousness of its name, the early Pioneer was a vibrant literary publication. The strongest children's authors of the era wrote for him - Korney Chukovsky, Samuil Marshak, Konstantin Paustovsky, Lev Kassil, Veniamin Kaverin, Agniya Barto. There was also a special section "Ship" in the magazine, in which the readers themselves shared their creativity.

The publication fully met the needs of the era: the editors preferred socialist realist texts. The Pioneer was the first to publish the story "The Fate of the Drummer" by Arkady Gaidar, "Poems about Uncle Styopa" by Sergei Mikhalkov, "The Old Man Hottabych" by Lazar Lagin and many other works. This trend also applied to the design of the publication: there were no unusual avant-garde illustrations in the magazine - only realistic joyful Soviet pioneers, smiling children from the countries of the socialist camp, heroic Komsomol members and participants in the Civil War.

"Murzilka" (1924 - present)

Cover of the Murzilka magazine, No. 6, 1994. Photo from the archive of the National Electronic Children's Library.

Murzilka has always had a lot of entertaining games, easy instructions for creating toys and crafts. As a magazine for the smallest - those who were just learning to read - "Murzilka" was generously illustrated by the masters of the era: Vasily Vatagin, Boris Dekhterev, Nikolai Radlov and others. Their works were distinguished by the uniqueness of the author's styles, so the design of the magazine was very diverse. Caricature illustrations of rhymes were side by side with realistic images of plants and animals, playful sketches of hooligans side by side with detailed children's portraits.

The first issues were saturated with literary texts that corresponded to the time. For example, in the first issue of Murzilka, the story “Vanyushkino happiness” was published about the eternally hungry and unhappy boy Vanya, whose mother worked too much. The children from the orphanage decided to help Vanya: they took him in, and the boy lived happily ever after.

Many articles were devoted to Soviet heroes - pilots and sailors, some of the materials sang happy life Octobrists who dreamed of growing up as soon as possible and becoming real communists.

To "Komsomolskaya Pravda". In 1934-1944 it was published by the Children's Literature Publishing House, after which it became the magazine of the Komsomol Central Committee.

The image of Murzilka was invented back in 1887 by the Russian writer Anna Khvolson. In her fairy tales from the series "The Kingdom of the Little Ones. The Adventures of Murzilka and the Forest Men", published in the popular children's magazine "Soulful Word", this character was a little forest man in a tailcoat, with a cane and a monocle. By 1908, it was already so popular that the publishers began to publish the newspaper Murzilka's Journal as an appendix to the Sincere Word.

In 1937, the famous artist Aminadav Kanevsky created a new image of Murzilka, which has been preserved in the magazine to this day. This is a yellow and fluffy magical hero in a red beret and scarf, with a camera over his shoulder. He is the same age as his readers, cheerful, resourceful, inquisitive and mischievous.

Famous writers and poets Korney Chukovsky, Arkady Gaidar, Samuil Marshak, Mikhail Zoshchenko, Daniil Kharms and Agniya Barto were published in Murzilka, Viktor Astafiev and Boris Zakhoder were the authors of Murzilka.

Already in the first decades of its existence, drawings by artists appeared on the pages of the magazine, who later became leading book graphic artists - Konstantin Rotov, Aminadav Kanevsky, Andrey Brey, Lev Bruni.

In the 1940s and 1950s, Yuri Vasnetsov, Anatoly Kokorin, Yuri Korovin, and Vladimir Konashevich began working for the publication. Vladimir Lebedev, who played a significant role in the development of the art of book graphics, drew in Murzilka.

From the end of 1988 to 1995, a literary seminar was held at the editorial office under the guidance of a children's writer, screenwriter Yuri Koval, which made it possible to educate a new generation of permanent authors of "Murzilka".

The modern magazine "Murzilka" is filled with educational materials on various fields of knowledge. The magazine publishes fairy tales, fairy tales, stories, plays, poems by modern foreign and domestic writers and classics of children's literature.

Materials are printed from issue to issue to complement the program elementary school recommended by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.

The headings "Walking with words" and "Let's play with words" serve to expand the linguistic ideas, the study of the Russian language of readers. For more than 25 years, the Murzilka Art Gallery section has been acquainting schoolchildren with reproductions of masterpieces of domestic and world art, with the life and work of artists. The journal also publishes materials that tell about great geographical discoveries and famous travelers (heading "Travel and Discovery"); issues of legal education, psychology, ethics, culture of communication, rules of conduct in extreme situations are covered (headings "Let's talk heart to heart", "School of safety"). great attention is given to useful leisure activities, in each room a variety of homemade products are given. Inside the magazine there are tabs, flaps on which educational games, crossword puzzles, tasks are located.

On May 16, 1924, the first issue of a magazine for children from 6 to 12 years old, Murzilka, was published in the Soviet Union. The history of Murzilka began in 1879, when the Canadian...

On May 16, 1924, the first issue of a magazine for children from 6 to 12 years old, Murzilka, was published in the Soviet Union.

The history of Murzilka began in 1879, when the Canadian artist Palmer Cox created a series of drawings about brownies (Brownie) - these are the closest relatives of brownies, small men, about 90 centimeters tall, similar to little elves with brown unkempt hair and bright blue eyes (because of the brown hair they are called "brownies"). Their skin is predominantly fair, although brownie skin color depends on where they live and what they eat. These creatures come at night and finish what the servants did not have time to do. But that was just a test real creation those images that will subsequently conquer the public. So in 1881, the same brownies appeared in the magazine Wide Awake, which began a triumphal procession, first across America, and then around the world.

In February 1883, Cox began publishing in the New York children's publication St. Nicholas" pictures with brownies, accompanied by poems about the adventures of heroes. And four years later, the first book "The Brownies, Their Book" was published, where a collection of stories about brownies was collected and which sold a million copies. In total, before his death in 1924, Palmer Cox created 15 original books about brownies.

By the way, as such, Cox's brownies did not have names - they were called by characteristic nicknames, such as Chinese, Sailor, Dandy, Jockey, Russian, Hindu, King, Student, Policeman, Canadian, etc.

For the first time, Murzilka and his friends appeared on the pages of the Sincere Word magazine in 1887 in the fairy tale "A boy is the size of a finger, a girl is the size of a fingernail." The author of this fairy tale was the famous writer Anna Borisovna Khvolson, and the illustrations were the drawings of the artist Palmer Cox. The first edition of The Kingdom of the Little Ones, which included 27 stories and 182 drawings, was published in 1889, followed by reprints in 1898, 1902 and 1915.

In 1913, a book was published in Russia with drawings by Palmer Cox and Russian text from Anna Khvolson “The New Murzilka. Amazing adventures and wanderings of little forest men. Anna Khvolson made a free translation of Cox's texts, giving the characters other names: Maz-Peremaz, Dedko-Bearded, Znayka, Dunno, clever Skok, hunter Mick, Turntable, Chinese Chi-ka-chi, Indian Ski, Microbka, American John, etc. P. Well, actually Murzilka, on whose behalf the story was told.

And it turned out that Murzilka is incredibly similar to the famous Dunno known to us. He is the same braggart, lazy and buzzer, because of his character he constantly gets into various troubles. However, these two heroes also have differences. Murzilka, for example, is a true dandy. A tailcoat or a long coat, a top hat, boots with narrow toes, a cane and a monocle are indispensable components of his everyday costume. So Dunno's predilection for provocatively bright tones in clothes would have been unpleasantly struck by the refined taste of Murzilka. But this difference is purely external. Although the character of Murzilka or, as his friends call him, "Empty Head" is quite similar to the character of his literary descendant, Dunno is written out in much more detail and volume. And if Khvolson's hero is deliberately caricatured and conditional, then Nosov's is a lively, charming and recognizable boy. Therefore, probably, readers only laugh at the careless and boastful Murzilka, but Dunno often sympathize, sincerely pity and love him.

So, the name Murzilka was born in 1913. Two years later, Anna Khvelson releases an independent work called “The Kingdom of Babies. The Adventures of Murzilka and the Forest Men, which was illustrated by the works of the same Palmer Cox, but since it was not included in the official brownie bibliography, it can be considered a remake. It was a boy in a black tailcoat, with a huge white flower in his buttonhole, in a silk top hat and long-nosed boots that were fashionable at that time .. And he always had an elegant cane and a monocle in his hands. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, these fairy tales were very popular. Murzilka himself, according to the plot of the tale, constantly got into some funny stories. But after the 1917 revolution, the book was no longer published, and everyone forgot about this hero.

The next time Murzilka was remembered was in 1924, when a new children's magazine was created under Rabochaya Gazeta. Some of the founders remembered this name and it was adopted almost unanimously. But do not put it on the cover of a brownie! Therefore, a red outbred puppy became Murzilka, who accompanied his master, the boy Petka, everywhere. His friends also changed - now they were pioneers, Octobrists, as well as their parents. However, the puppy did not last long - he soon disappeared, and Petka subsequently left the pages of the magazine.

It is traditionally believed that a certain fluffy yellow creature was born by the artist Aminadav Kanevsky at the request of the editors in 1937. However, back in the 50s, Murzilka was a little man wearing an acorn hat on his head instead of a beret. So he appeared in several cartoons, the last of which - "Murzilka on the satellite" - was created in 1960. It was this beret that later became an indispensable attribute of Murzilka, when he turned yellow and overgrown. Soon other heroes began to appear in this magazine - the evil sorceress Yabeda-Koryabeda, the talking cat Shunka, Magpie-Balabolka, Sportlendik and Ladybug. All these characters have become the main headings of the magazine - funny and entertaining stories, curiosity questions, sports pages, stories about nature.

The best children's writers were published on the pages of Murzilka: Samuil Marshak, Korney Chukovsky, Sergei Mikhalkov, Boris Zakhoder, Agniya Barto. “Murzilka” instilled in the youngest children a love of learning with the help of bright pictures, interestingly played plots and provocative rhymes. In 1977 - 1983. the magazine published "A detective-mysterious story about Yabeda-Koryabeda and her 12 agents" (author and artist A. Semyonov) and its continuation. Often the magazine took on far from children's topics. To kids who had only recently learned to read, "Murzilka" told about the conquest of space, the construction of the DneproGES, the Olympics-80, and even interpreted the ideology of the party - "Octobers about the Communists."

The magazine "Murzilka" is still published. It is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as "the magazine for children with the most long term publications".

Exist., number of synonyms: 3 dirty (34) magazine (28) old topic(2) Synoni Dictionary ... Synonym dictionary

MURZILKA- The hero and the name of the children's magazine. For the first time, a character named Murzilka appeared in Russian children's literature at the end of the 19th century. in the fairy tale by A.B. Khvolson "The kingdom of the little ones. The Adventures of Murzilka and the Forest Men" with illustrations by artist Palmer Cox ... Linguistic Dictionary

Little man, gnome, toy. Derived from Murza. [Wrong. This word is formed from murzitsya get angry, grumble (about a dog), dial., Onomatopoeic, which Dahl mistakenly placed in Murza's article. - T.] … Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by Max Fasmer

- ("Murzilka"), a children's monthly magazine of the Central Committee of the Komsomol and the Central Council of the All-Union Pioneer Organization. V. I. Lenin. It has been published in Moscow since 1924. K. I. Chukovsky, S. Ya. Marshak, M. M. Prishvin, V. V. participated in the formation of the journal ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Monthly literary and artistic magazine for preschool and younger children school age, since 1924, Moscow. Founder (1998) Labor collective editions... encyclopedic Dictionary

Murzilka- Murz ilka, and, husband ... Russian spelling dictionary

Type of cartoon drawn Genre fiction ... Wikipedia

Murzilka Specialization: children's magazine Publication frequency: once a month Language: Russian Chief Editor: Tatyana Androsenko Publisher (country): (Russia) Date of foundation: 1924 Volume ... Wikipedia

Cartoon type drawn ... Wikipedia

Children's magazine "Murzilka"- Murzilka is a popular monthly literary and art magazine for children. Aimed at children from 6 to 12 years old. The first issue of the magazine was published on May 16, 1924, after which the publication of the publication was not interrupted even once. Until 1931, the magazine existed as ... ... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers

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• Magazine "Murzilka". Annual filing for 1958, . "Murzilka" is a popular Soviet, then Russian, monthly literary and art magazine for children. It has been published since May 16, 1924 and is addressed to children of primary school age. For 90 years...