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Wood carving is a beautiful interior and exterior decoration for most people, but for some it is an interesting and exciting process. Carvings decorated the houses of our distant ancestors, and patterns on various household items served not only for beauty, but also as amulets. We will provide a list of all the tools that will be required for geometric woodcarving.

Geometric carving, which is used to create wood decor, is the oldest and one of the simplest types of carving. It is with her that the process of learning this skill begins, because it requires a minimum of tools, skills and abilities. To master this type of carving, you will need a joint knife, a little later - a semicircular chisel, a bar and auxiliary materials: sandpaper, varnish, stain.

We analyze the creation of geometric woodcarving

To learn how to carve wood using the presented technique, you can go to an experienced craftsman for courses or master the material yourself - using videos and looking at photographs. For those who chose the last of the above, below is a step-by-step guide. In addition, many sources offer to download albums with sketches and photos of woodcarving.

Where to start learning woodcarving for beginners?

For beginners, the first step is to learn how to properly hold the knife in your hand. You can master this technique by practicing cutting grooves on a wooden block. You should not skip this step and move on to ornaments, because without initial training, the products will not turn out immediately even.

To learn how to understand sketches and cut, looking at photos and drawings, you need to understand how the most elementary techniques are performed.

It is necessary to take a cutter knife and a small block of soft wood. Linden is good for this: it is quite soft and pliable. It is important to determine the direction of the fiber. After that, hold the cutter in your fist at the bottom of the handle, with an obtuse angle towards you. The obtuse angle of the cutter is called the heel. The knife should be tilted slightly to the right. To get a straight line, the heel should be close to the tree, but not buried in it. The hand should go clearly, it is important to feel if it deviates from a straight line to the side.

This first cut in the tree is called a notch. After its completion, it is necessary to turn the board 180 degrees and perform trimming - exactly the same line with the knife tilted to the right at a distance of 2-3 millimeters from the first. In addition, notches must also be made at the beginning and at the end of the future furrow. If done correctly, the pruning and notching touch inside the tree, and the pruning will fall out of the groove without any extra effort. If it didn’t work the first time, you need to insert the knife into the existing slots and deepen them a little.

Across the grain, the wood is slightly less malleable, so the cut is almost the same as cutting along the grain, with the only difference being that the heel of the cutter must be raised, not above the wood itself. So it will be easier to cut through the rock, but you need to carefully ensure that the knife does not move out of the way from a straight line.

The grid, or squares, is the next element in the development of geometric carving. To make this simple ornament, you must first cut the strips along the fibers at the same width from each other, then make grooves across the fibers. Thus, this simple pattern is obtained. You can also make a grid not along and across the bar, but diagonally. In this case, it is necessary to more carefully monitor the hardness of the hand and the straightness of the cut lines. If you get an extra cut, in the process it will not be noticeable at all, but in the future, that is, during staining or painting, it will definitely make itself felt.

Scheme for the "mesh" and "squares" techniques.

Triangles are a common pattern on household items like cutting boards, photo frames, and jewelry boxes. Triangles, as a rule, are cut out in this way: lines are drawn from the vertices of the triangle to its center, along which a cut is made with a cutter. To do this, the toe, that is, the sharp part of the knife, is inserted deep into the material, and the heel touches, but is not inserted, into the top of the triangle. This is done with each of the vertices. Thus, the center of the triangle will be the deepest point in the pattern. Next, you need to tilt the cutter to the right and cut in the direction from right to left and towards you trimming. It is important to cut the next edge not from left to right, but by turning the block over. The hand performs the same movement as with the first face.

After mastering the simplest triangles, you can also try to make triangles with a displaced center or with rounded sides. In this case, the cutting technique remains the same, it is only important to follow the movement of the hand along the marked lines. This technique is a little more complicated, but with a little practice, you can easily repeat a drawing of any complexity.

A selection of videos on the topic of the article

All photos from the article

The simplest type of wood carving is geometric, with which the training of this craft technique begins. The ornament is formed from various shapes - squares, rectangles, polygons, ovals, stripes, circles, segments - parts of a circle, triangles. Today our task is to ensure that you learn as much as possible about what geometric wood carving is, where it is used, how to choose and prepare material for it, about tools and execution techniques.

Features and scope

An original and unusual ornamental pattern of a geometric recess is obtained by creating dihedral, trihedral and tetrahedral recesses in wood, which are folded into geometric elements.

Despite the fact that this type of carving is considered the simplest, for many years the price of products decorated with its help has been quite high, and it has received a special place among other types of crafts.

Tip: when making furniture, make carved parts from the same type of wood as the main item.

Only the imagination of the author, his sense of proportion and taste can serve as a limitation in the areas of application of geometric carving.

Today there are a large number of furniture decorated in this way, here are just a few:

• buffets;
• cabinets;
• cradles;
• shelves;
• coffee tables;
• the Bureau;
• dressers.

Patterns of geometric wood carving, created by professionals in their field, can be found not only in the private homes of collectors and connoisseurs of crafts, but also in various museums - for example, in the Catherine Palace in Pushkin or in the Hermitage in St. Petersburg.

How to choose wood

It is worth starting to train the skill and learn to work on wood with small details and elements, this will provide an opportunity to get the basis of the craft. To better feel the tree, the very first drawing is best done on soft wood:

After gaining experience, you can start making patterns on more expensive materials without fear of ruining them. Hardwoods are considered the most valuable. For example, for the production of expensive and unique furniture, such species of trees growing in Russia as beech, oak and pear are often used.

The first one has a rather soft structure, but the wood has attractive aesthetic characteristics, the last two representatives are more hard. By the way, from many points of view, the characteristics of hazel are the most sought after, therefore, in furniture stores selling antiques, you can find products from it.

Making an icon case

05.02.2019, 09:14

Making a table of contents with wood carving for the icon case

In a similar way, the table of contents (top) for the icon cases in the photo below were made.
To enlarge the image - click on it with the mouse.

First, on paper, in accordance with the dimensions and proportions of the future icon case, a sketch of the table of contents is drawn in real size. It is determined where the wood carving will be located, the sketch of the carving itself is preliminarily drawn.
Then the drawing is transferred to a sheet of fiberboard or plywood and carefully, as accurately as possible, cut out with a jigsaw at low speed, without turning on the pendulum stroke. File with a fine tooth (I use files BOCH T101 AO or Gepard T101 AO)
Thus, we made a template, according to which we will make the top (crown, table of contents) of the icon case using a milling cutter.
There are two ready-made templates in the photo below: the first of the fiberboard is the wall of the table of contents, the background on which the woodcarving will be attached. The second plywood template is the cornice, the arched frieze of the kiot, it will be made of wood.
All bends, roundings, lines of templates are carefully polished with emery cloth. How symmetrical, even and neat our template will be depends on the appearance of the finished table of contents of the icon case in the future.

The following photos are a template for the bottom and top of the kiot

We lay the fiberboard template on a sheet of plywood and circle it with a pencil.
After that, we cut with a jigsaw close to the drawn line, but without touching the line itself.

We fasten the template in a plywood blank.
With the help of a milling cutter and a direct copy cutter with a bearing, we go around the workpiece along the contour.
The bearing on the cutter moves along the edge of the template, and the cutter removes excess material from the workpiece.
In this case, the workpiece exactly copies the profile of the template.
We also circle the arched cornice with a pencil on a wooden shield.

Cut with a jigsaw, roughly, without touching the line.
We attach the template to the workpiece and repeat the previous operations.
We fix the template with self-tapping screws on the back side of the part, not on the front - so that no traces of self-tapping screws are visible on the finished element.
Although if you make a mistake - putty to help.

We repeat the same when making an element for the lower part of the icon case.

Using an edge molding cutter, select the desired profile from the front side of the eaves.
Then we select a shallow (5-8mm) groove inside the eaves.

We connect the cornice with the wall of the table of contents.
You can immediately glue together two parts and then paint as an assembly, but it’s more convenient for me to varnish and tint these two elements separately.

View from the front and back.

Sketch, wood carving template

Laid on carving for an icon case

25.01.2019, 06:50

Production of carved decor for the table of contents of the floor icon case.

The top (or table of contents, crown) of the floor icon case is an arch with overlaid wood carvings.
Inside the arch there will be an Orthodox eight-pointed cross with carved decoration.

At the beginning, we draw the arch itself on a scale of 1: 1 and then the cross, around which our woodcarving will be placed.
Initially, the sketch is drawn "by hand", the accuracy of the lines, the smoothness of the curves at this stage do not play a significant role. The main thing is to arrange the pattern evenly around the cross, observing the proportions in general terms, to create a logical and complete drawing of a floral ornament.
After that, with the help of patterns, we align the lines drawn "by hand", achieving smooth transitions, roundness of the curls, and adding small details to the sketch.
We draw, as usual, only one left part of the pattern - the right one will be strictly symmetrical to it.
In order to understand how the finished carving will look like, you can attach a mirror along the vertical line (passing along the cross). The right side of the thread sketch will be reflected in the mirror, that is, the whole pattern as a whole will become visible to us.

I shade with a pencil those parts of the sketch that will be cut with straight chisels. Unshaded areas - semicircular incisors.

Some craftsmen cut out a sketch and glue it onto a piece of wood. Then, along the lines of the sketch, using a jigsaw, remove unnecessary parts of the pattern and cut with cutters directly on the paper and on the workpiece at the same time.
With this method, the sketch template is not saved, and if later you need to make exactly the same decor, you have to re-create the drawing.
I do it differently: I laminate the sketch drawing with a simple transparent adhesive tape on both sides. Then, with the help of cutters, I carefully cut it out and get a carving template that can be used many times. You can call it a stencil.
I apply the template to the workpiece and circle it with a sharpened pencil or pen. With the help of a jigsaw, I remove all unnecessary and get a blank for carving. Outwardly, this is a house slotted carving, but we still have to work on itcutters and chisels. In order to make it clear to me where, what and how to cut, I transfer the sketch drawing to a wooden part. Also with the help of patterns.

After processing with cutters, the finished decor is manually polished with fine sandpaper.
With a sandpaper we remove burn marks from a jigsaw file, smooth out irregularities after working with chisels.

By turning the thread over, you can cut the reverse side of the pattern with cutters in some places. Thus, we will, as it were, lift, separate our carved decor from the background to which it will be attached.

In the following photos, the wood carving is covered with a transparent varnish.
The wooden shield for the blank was glued from different plots - this can be seen from the different colors of the planks. In this case, it does not matter - the finished carved decor will be painted with gold paint.
The lacquer acts as a primer and several coats will give you a smooth finish before gold plating.

Woodcarving on the icon case painted "under gold".

Floor icon case with wood carvings

Wood carving, sketches, photos

14.09.2018, 04:29

Transferring a woodcarving sketch to a lime board using a template

If the applied thread is symmetrical in the horizontal or vertical plane, then only half of the sketch (template) is drawn

"Spruce and Drill" - hand carving workshop in Belarus

Decorative panel for church furniture

12.09.2018, 06:50

Panels are made by us only from wood: ash, oak, birch, alder. Most often, of course, from linden.
If necessary, we will do the finishing: tinting with stains or stain, varnishing.
All wood carvings are carved by hand.
A drawing, a sketch, a sketch of a carved ornament is discussed in advance. As are the sizes.

Carved panels can be used as wood carvings for church furniture, for example, for a floor icon case or a church iconostasis.

Carved panel for a wooden altar

08.09.2018, 07:57

Decorative panel made of wood, hand-carved

At the first stage of work on the panel, a wooden shield is glued together, assembled from identical lime slats (lamellae).
A sketch for wood carving is marked on the shield and all unnecessary parts of the ornament are removed using an electric jigsaw. It turns out a slotted or through saw thread.

A decorative panel can become an element of a furniture facade

In our case, wood carving (carved panel) was made for the door of a wooden altar in an Orthodox church.

You can order the manufacture and buy an altar with a canopy in the form of a floor icon case from us.

06.09.2018, 07:36

Wood carving - from sketch to finished product

Creating a sketch or drawing is the first step in making a carved decor.
The sketch is drawn on a scale of 1:1.
This takes into account not only the external, aesthetic appearance of the future product, but also the capabilities of the carver, his skill, the presence of the necessary cutters, the complexity and size of the carved decor.

To enlarge the picture - click on it with the mouse.

The next step, after creating a sketch of woodcarving, is laminating it (for example, with ordinary transparent tape) and cutting the template along the outline of the picture.

With this method, the thread template can be used repeatedly if several carving patterns are to be cut.

Just trace the template along the contours with a pencil.

The next step is cutting out a welt pattern with a jigsaw.

We remove everything superfluous, leaving what we will work with incisors.

In principle, this is the so-called house carving.
A simple slotted wood carving used to decorate houses.

With the help of patterns or "by hand" we apply cut lines, drawings on the workpiece.

After working with cutters, sanding, tinting and painting, this is a wooden carved decor.

This applied cross with a carved pattern was cut out for a church lectern made by our workshop.

You can see his photo and description in the "Analoi" section.

When copying images and reprinting an article, a link to the site is required!

21.05.2016, 07:50

Wood carving for the front part of the church lectern.
Step by step manufacturing.

Transferring the drawing, sketch to the board.
You can transfer the pattern to the workpiece through a carbon paper or using a cut out template.
With the second method, a template once made and cut out, for example, from thick cardboard, can be used many times if you need to make many identical products.

The finished slotted pattern is processed with cutters and chisels of various shapes.
At the final stage, wood carving is polished with a fine-grained sandpaper before painting or coating with oil, wax, stain.

Wood carving, for a mirror

26.03.2016, 09:19

Making a sketch of a carved pattern

Transferring the pattern to a lime board and cutting out the outline with a jigsaw

Finished work... Then sanding, tinting, painting...

A small video clip of a master class for making a carved frame for a mirror or picture

There is a legend among the locals that tells why the village has such a name: they say that once a small unknown village burned down near Slonim. Two inhabitants of this village - two brothers, who bore the surname Krakot, went down the Jordan River to these places. The first brother settled in the headwaters of the Jordan River, and the other went down the river. The place where the older brother settled was called Great Krakotka, and where is the youngest - Malaya Krakotka. To date, these two Krakotki are still one next to the other ....

Here is another story from that time.

Once they decided to involve the boyars living in Velyka Krakotka in the usual daily work, which was done by the peasants. The boyars then began to resist, saying that digging the earth, carrying hay are duties and occupations for the peasants. And their boyar business is military service. Offended and went to the capital - Warsaw, to the king himself ZhigimontVase.
He listened to the boyars and said that no one would do this to them anymore and gave them a paper in which it was written that the boyars should not be involved in any other work, except military service. The kings did not give offense to their subjects and tried to adhere to the ancient laws.

After three sections of the Commonwealth, Krakotka ended up in the Russian Empire in the Slonim Povet. There is evidence that in 1798 31 men lived in the village. The fact is that before that there was a liberation uprising under the command of Tadeusz Kosciuszko.

In the 18th century, almost all of our country was Uniate. Uniates lived then and in Great Krakotka, and in Malaya Krakotka, behind which there has long been a Uniate cemetery.

At the Krakotka cemetery

Attractions

The village is famous for its natural monuments.

On the very outskirts of the village is the Republican geological geomorphological monument of nature "Krakotskaya ridge". Scientists say that it appeared 220 thousand years ago during the Ice Age! Such ridges, they say, appeared from sand, stones, in the openings of water flows in ice cracks.

The famous Krakot boulder

When the ice came down, a man came here.

On the outskirts of Krakotka, in the forest, there is a very beautiful juniper grove. If someone was in the Crimea, he saw such juniper groves. In Belarus, such groves are rare.

On the outskirts of the juniper grove, an old cemetery has been preserved, along which stones are scattered. The fact is that according to the local rite, when someone who took his own life was buried, a stone was placed above the head and at the feet, where a wooden cross was also placed. It is believed that when the day of judgment comes, and everyone goes to the judgment of God, it will be easier for him to get up, holding on to the cross. Now these stones are destroyed, because the cemetery was plowed up and planted there.

About the holy healing spring

In the village there is a holy spring with healing water, which has been known since ancient times.

There is a local legend about the krinichka.

They say that once this land belonged to Pan Skurat, who had a daughter, she had very poor eyesight. Once an old man came to the village, stopped near the mountain, from which water flowed.

The elder drank this water, rinsed his face, and immediately his eyes began to see better. They came to the village, told the people about it, who passed everything on to Pan Skurat. Pan began to take this water and treat his daughter, wipe her eyes - the girl was cured. Then Pan Skurat dug a well on the mountain, and from that time on, this little cup was called Pan Skurat's little cup.

Now the crinichka is consecrated in honor of Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord John. They say that on holidays the water is scooped up to the bottom, but it quickly fills up. Water helps with diseases of the eyes and stomach. There are examples that people were cured by this water. But it is known that water helps those who believe.

The Holy Krinichka is located near a river with an interesting name Jordan. It was deeper and wider until reclamation was carried out. And when reclamation was carried out, it became a small stream. The name of the river is mysterious. The legend says that once a man who called himself Jordanas was killed in these places. Or maybe there is a connection between the Jordan River and the famous Jordan River, in which John the Baptist baptized Jesus Christ?

Here, water-blessing prayers are performed, with special solemnity - on the day of the Nativity of John the Baptist (July 7). Water from this source is taken not only by local residents, but also by pilgrims, travelers from near and far abroad.

Famous personalities of Great Krakotka

In the part of the village that used to be called Malaya Krakotka, Ivan Solomevich was born - a Belarusian literary critic, folklorist, bibliographer, translator, encyclopedist.

He signed his works with the pseudonym Krakotsky or Yan Solomevich.

The writer was born in Malaya Krakotka, and went to school in Velikaya.

By the way, the famous Belarusian Grigory Okulevich was also born in Velyka Krakotka. During the occupation in Polotsk, he was an active figure in the national liberation Belarusian movement. He was also one of the organizers of the BKRG and TBSH. When the Poles began to hunt Okulevich, he was forced to emigrate to Canada to avoid arrest. But he did not leave the Belarusian activity there, and together with his friends he created the first Russian newspaper in Canada, which had its own Belarusian page in the Belarusian language. And when World War II began, Grigory Okulevich volunteered for the war. After the war, he became the chief secretary of the Russians in Canada Federation in Canada, and later became the editor-in-chief of an émigré newspaper. In Canada, Okulevich wrote and published two books: "50 Years of the Belarusian Republic" and "Russians in Canada".

In Velikaya Krakotka, Grigory Okulevich and his friends created a Belarusian library on the basis of TBSh and named it after Yanka Kupala. And the Poles did not like everything that was Belarusian, they did not like the local Belarusian movement, so the Poles closed the library. All Belarusian books were taken out of the library. Only in 1939, the Belarusian library of Yanka Kupala was updated in the village.

The Second World War began, and the library was destroyed, but in 1946 the Yanka Kupala library in Velyka Krakotka was born for the third time. The wife of Yanka Kupala, Vlada Frantsevna Lutsevich, corresponded with this library.

Yakub Kolas, Arkady Kuleshov, Kondrat Krapiva, Ivan Shamyakin, Mikhail Lynkov sent books with their autographs to the library. In 1970, a new library named after Yanka Kupala was built in the village, but today it no longer exists. Pavel Tavlai, the father of the famous Belarusian poet Valentin Tavlai, took an active part in the construction of Yanka Kupala.

Tavlai began writing poetry at an early age. When he studied at the Slonim Teachers' Seminary, during the census he registered as Belarusian, and wrote Belarusian in his native language, for which he was expelled from the seminary. In 2014, the 100th anniversary of the birth of the poet Valentin Tavlay was celebrated. He spent 7 years in Polish prisons for his Belarusian activities, but, fortunately, he did not fall under Soviet repression and did not rot in Stalin's camps, he died a natural death in 1947. He wrote a lot about Valentin Tavlay, studied his work, his fellow countryman, Belarusian poet Mikola Arochka dedicated many poems to him.

Mikhail was born in a neighboring village, but he liked to come to Velyka Krakotka, he loved these places. In the village they are proud of their countryman-poet.

The Great Patriotic War

In 1941, a strong battle took place near Velyka Krakotka. On the German side, the Gulden regiment fought here against the Red Army. 160 German soldiers died here and were buried on the mountain near the church. And in 1944, when the Germans were retreating, they dug up the remains of each of their dead soldiers, put them in new coffins and took them to Germany.

No one can say today how many Red Army soldiers died. Only 1600 soldiers were taken prisoner, they were led through the streets of the village. In the middle of the village of Velikaya Krakotka, 17 known and 338 unknown Red Army soldiers are buried in a mass grave in the middle of the village. And how many of them lie still, covered in funnels, trenches?

A house was recently built in the village and the remains of 4 more Red Army soldiers were found. They were brought to a mass grave and buried there.

On the outskirts of the village and in the forests, even now, amateurs studying the history of the Great Patriotic War, the history of the Great Krakotka, find objects of those times, testifying to strong, bloody battles.

One of the old finds, the cross was found on the road leading to the temple in Malaya Krakotka

Search at the monastery lake (formerly Lake School)

Solidus 1663. Much was found along the road near the temple in Malaya Krakotka

ringlet

10 pfenings

The program "Journey of an amateur" and "Hope for the village"

An interesting and informative BT program has finally visited our village!

Velyka Krakotka is rich in interesting sights and people.
A story about them and much more - in the video report offered to you.

The need to decorate household items has appeared in people for a long time.

It so happened that Russia is a country of forests. And such a fertile material as wood was always at hand.

With the help of an ax, a knife and some other auxiliary tools, a person provided himself with everything necessary for: life: he built dwellings and outbuildings, bridges and windmills, fortress walls and towers, churches, made machine tools and tools, ships and boats, sledges and carts , furniture, dishes, children's toys and much more.

On holidays and leisure hours, the dashing tunes on wooden musical instruments amused the soul: balalaikas, flutes, violin, horns.

Even ingenious and reliable locks for doors were made of wood. One of these castles is kept in the State Historical Museum in Moscow. It was made by a master woodworker back in the 18th century, lovingly decorating it with a trihedral-notched carving! (This is one of the names for geometric carving,)

The master tried to add a particle of beauty to each product. First of all, great attention was paid to the form and proportions. For each product, wood was selected taking into account its physical and mechanical properties. If the beautiful texture (drawing) of the tree could decorate the products in itself, then they tried to reveal and emphasize it.

Wood products with a weak texture were most often painted or decorated with carvings.

Geometric carving is the oldest way to decorate wood products. Carvings were used to decorate wooden ships, huts, furniture, crockery, looms and spinning wheels.

It is made in the form of notches: two-, three- and four-sided, the combination of which gives a fancy pattern on the surface of the wood.

Ornament (artistic decoration, pattern, consisting of a number of rhythmically ordered elements) with the image of geometric bodies, archaeologists find on pottery dating back to the Minoan era (3-2 thousand BC). These are all kinds of combinations of triangles, rhombus, twisted lines, dots, curls, etc.

Each geometric figure in folk art has its own meaning, its own symbolism:

- a socket with rays or just a circle - a symbol of the sun, life;

Spiral - whirlwind, anxiety, storm;

A drop is water, grain, a symbol of life;

A cell is a field, some kind of space;

Rhombus - power, strength, luck;

Cross - man, soul;

The point is the fundamental principle of everything;

Vertical line - hill;

Horizontal line - peace, tranquility;

- wavy line - movement;

- broken line - confrontation.

It is appropriate to say that in our folk culture these symbols have their roots in the pre-Christian period, when pagan gods were still revered in Russia.

With the help of geometric carvings, magic spells were compiled that protected our ancestors from various misfortunes.

For example, it was believed that the image of a bird on any household utensils brings happiness.

If they cut out a horse, then they also waited in the house of God's grace. Such a horse with magical signs was called a talisman. Such objects protected a person, a home from all sorts of troubles.

In the old days, they thought that every living being has a spirit that controls them, this creature. There were house spirits, forest spirits, horse spirits.

In order to appease such a spirit and to protect the horse during the year, it was necessary to make an idol (horse figurine). But it was necessary to do it only for 365 touches of a knife to a tree (how many days in a year), while uttering spells. If you make an idol in 360 touches, then the owner's horse will remain defenseless for five days a year. If at least one extra time to touch the idol with a knife, then the spells generally lost their power. It was considered a great sin to reveal the secret of a conspiracy, magic words, or to initiate a minor into the mysteries.

And such an idol depicted in the figure guarded the village. They performed it with fifty-two touches of the instrument (according to the number of weeks in a year) and placed it on a high pole (4-5 meters) at the entrance to the village in order to protect its inhabitants from natural disasters, diseases, robbers.

Pagan faith (belief in the existence of a variety of gods and spirits) was also reflected in the construction of the dwelling. So, the gable roof of a Slavic house symbolized the daily movement of the sun across the sky. With the help of geometric carvings, a celestial body was depicted, passing its way from sunrise to sunset. The average position of the sun - noon - was presented in a larger and more multifaceted way. A horizontal board with hanging drops meant the abyss of heaven.

Later, the decorations of the house lose their mythological background. The carved details of the house begin to be only decorative.

Decorating the house outside, craftsmen did not forget about household items that they used daily: a table, a bench, a shelf, a cutting board, a spoon, a salt shaker. And here geometric carving had an advantage over other types of carving.

Spoons were distinguished by a great variety of decorative finishes, and this is no wonder. After all, a spoon is the main "tool" on the table. And we need it every day.

Even when spoons began to be made of metal, the wooden spoon was not forgotten, as it had considerable advantages over its metal "sister". And above all, it did not burn the mouth of its owner. Each member of the family owned only their own spoon, so it had its own distinctive pattern. And this was done for reasons of hygiene - “so that the jams do not fall” (zaeds were called sores in the corners of the mouth, which appeared as a result of the indiscriminate use of one spoon by many family members),

In this regard, you will probably be interested to know that Peter I, going on a trip to Europe, always took personal cutlery with him (spoon, fork, knife). The hosts who received the guest of honor were offended by this, but the king put his health in the first place and did not want to risk it in vain.

Initially, each peasant, in addition to his main work - work in the field - was engaged in the construction of a house, home improvement, and the manufacture of household items. But gradually there was a division of labor. And those craftsmen who, better than others, could build a house, carve a spoon, make wooden utensils, left work in the field and began to earn their living by carpentry and carpentry, and carvers who united in artels stood out from this environment.

It is known that in the 10th century there were carving workshops in Kyiv, which were engaged in decorative finishing of dwellings and household items.

And at the beginning of the 16th century, special palace workshops were organized in the Kremlin, which marked the beginning of the creation of the armory,

In the 18th century, a large number of master carvers took part in the construction of St. Petersburg, decorating palace ensembles.

It should be noted that the development of carving art was not always supported by the state. In the 19th century, when Russia embarked on the path of capitalist development, wealthy people, patrons of the arts, allocated significant sums to support folk talents. It is appropriate to name the manager of the Yaroslavl railway, a brilliant businessman, millionaire Savva Ivanovich Mamontov. Savva Ivanovich was a comprehensively gifted person; he sang beautifully, played the piano, was a sculptor and playwright, and directed. And to all this, he had a magnificent gift for recognizing talents. Dozens of names can be named, representing the pride of our culture of the 19th century, whom Mamontov helped financially during the formation of their skills and who were under his tutelage. Polenov, Repin, Vasnetsov, Serov, Vrubel, Chaliapin, Levitan, Rachmaninov - many more famous names could be remembered, but these are quite enough to be filled with deepest gratitude to Savva Ivanovich Mamontov.

At his expense, the "Mammoth Circle" was also created, whose members built a carpentry workshop and decided to introduce the children of the villages nearby the Mamontov estate to folk crafts. The guys were trained in the workshop for free and after three years, having received a workbench and a set of tools as a gift, they began to work independently. The brothers Vasya and Misha Vornoskov studied among them.

Subsequently, Vasily Petrovich Vornoskov becomes the most famous carver. During the Soviet period, he arranges several solo exhibitions in our country and abroad, creates the Vozrozhdeniye carving artel, which has now been transformed into the Abramtsevo Art and Industrial School, where masters of folk art crafts are trained. In addition, the name of Vornoskov is associated with the creation of the so-called Kudrin carving, which is a type of relief carving.

At present, the art of wood carving has become widespread not only in rural areas, but also in cities. So, in Moscow and St. Petersburg there are children's and adult groups of arts and crafts, nurturing new generations of carving masters. This fact suggests that truly folk art will never die. Well, you, dear reader, can make your contribution to the development of this art form by mastering the lessons of geometric carving.

Woodcarving is a wonderful home decoration for many people, but for some it is an unusual and entertaining process. Products made of wood adorned the dwellings of our ancient ancestors, and patterns on various household items were used not only for beauty, but also in terms of protection.

For beginners, you will need detailed MK, diagrams and sketches of sockets, drawings and templates, photographs and pictures of finished products for example.

What kind tools and materials needed for woodcarving:

• Special knife-jamb.
• Round chisel.
• Bar.
• Sandpaper.
• Lacquer of a certain color.
• Stain.
• Files.
• Ruler and eraser.
• Knives for geometric carving.

In order to learn how to properly carve wood using any technique, you need to go to a good specialist for courses or master the material yourself using videos and photos.

Beginners need to learn how to properly hold a knife in their hand. You can master this action by trying to cut grooves on ordinary bars. You should not skip this step and move on to working with an ornament, because without initial training, your products will turn out to be uneven. First cut: creating a groove along the grain of the wood.

To properly understand how to work with sketches and how to cut, looking at images and drawings, you need to understand, how to apply the simplest methods.

Cutting a furrow across pieces of wood.

Across the grain, the wood is harder to cut, so the cut should be the same as cutting along the length of the grain, with one significant difference: the heel of the cutter must rise, and not be above the tree itself. This way, it will be easier to cut through the tree, but you need to be careful that the knife does not roll off the other side of the straight line.

Gallery: geometric woodcarving (25 photos)

Creating a grid and squares pattern on a special wood blank

Grid or squares- a new element in the development of geometric carving. To create this simple ornament, you first need to make strips along the length of the fibers with the same width from each other, then cut grooves across the fibers. The result is this gorgeous pattern. You can also make a grid not along and across the bar, but purely diagonally.

In this case, it is necessary to monitor the accuracy of the hand and the straightness of the cut lines even more. If you get an unnecessary cut, it will be hardly noticeable in the process, but then, after staining or painting, it will stand out strongly.

How to cut triangles on a tree?

triangles- This is a popular ornament on various household items. You can often see triangles on cutting boards, photo frames, and jewelry boxes. Triangles are created as follows: lines are drawn from the top of the triangle to its center, along which a cut is made with a cutter.

To do this, the sharp part of the knife penetrates into the material, and the heel only touches, but does not enter, into the top of the triangle. This action is performed from each of the vertices. So the center of our ornament will be the deepest point in the pattern.

Then you need to tilt the cutter to the right and cut along the side from right to left and trim towards you. The new face must be made not from left to right, but after you have turned the block over. The hand should make the same movements as with the first face.

After creating the lightest triangles, you can try to develop triangles with a crooked center or round sides. In this case, the cutting technique will be the same, the main thing is to follow the movement of the hand along the marked lines.

This geometry technique is much more difficult, but with more practice, you can easily create a drawing of any complexity.

Decoration of boxes, sketch

Worth talking about beautiful designs for jewelry boxes. They can be made using different techniques: slotted carving, laying a base of fabric, foil or wood board of the desired color under the drawing; flat notch thread, to which geometric and contour threads are attached. Its difference is that in a flat background, depressions are made to the same depth.