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Production capacity (PM) determines the amount of goods that the enterprise is able to produce. This is an important competitive indicator.

The concept of production capacity

PM is understood as the maximum volume of products that an enterprise is able to produce within a given time frame. When calculating this parameter, the used equipment and available resources are taken into account. These include:

• production capacity;
• energy;
• raw materials;
• staff.

There are many types of PM. This is the design, and planned, and balance capacity. It is measured in units of measurement of the volume of production: a ton, a piece, and so on. The full use of capacity ensures the release of more goods, reducing their cost. The company gets the opportunity to quickly accumulate funds from the sale of products and direct them to re-production, equipment upgrades.

Factors affecting the size of production capacity

Production capacity parameters are determined by the following factors:

• The perfection of the technologies used.
• Product range and quality.
• The quality of work organization.

Sometimes the results of PM calculations in different periods differ significantly. This is the result of the instability of the factors given above. For example, the company is constantly introducing new equipment. The production technology and the tools used in this are the main factors affecting the power parameters.

Values ​​used in calculations

To calculate the PM, you need to know the following parameters:

• List of available equipment, its quantity for each type.
• Mode of operation of equipment.
• Mode of operation of production areas.
• Employee qualifications.
• Progressive technology standards.
• The complexity of the equipment.
• Nomenclature and assortment of goods.

Before making calculations, it is required to analyze the key features of the work at the enterprise.

Basic calculation rules

When determining production capacity, the following rules must be taken into account:

• When taking into account the available equipment, each of the forms of equipment must be taken into account. Non-working equipment, tools that are being repaired or idle cannot be excluded from accounting. Only reserve equipment, which serves as a replacement for the resources used, is not taken into account.
• If new equipment is put into service, it should be accounted for when it started to be used.
• Consideration should be given to the utmost possible fund equipment operation. In this case, the adopted shift mode is taken into account.
• You need to focus on comparable values ​​of equipment operation and power balance.
• The calculation uses values ​​based on the full load of resources.
• When determining the PM, the downtime of the equipment, regardless of its causes, is not taken into account.

The head is obliged to provide for reserves of PM. This is necessary to be able to quickly respond to an increase in demand. For example, the enterprise works on a certain PM. However, the demand for garden carts produced by the entity is increasing dramatically. To meet all the needs of consumers, it is required to increase production capacity. This is what reserves are for.

Production capacity calculation

The calculation is carried out on the basis of passport and design standards. If the employees of the enterprise consistently exceed the established norms of labor productivity, the increased indicator is taken into account. Consider the calculation formula:

M = Tef * H

• M- productive capacity,
• H is the passport productivity of equipment per unit of time,
• tef- the planned fund of its work.

To determine Tef, you need to subtract from the calendar fund (365 days) weekends, holidays, intervals between shifts, downtime and other times when the equipment was not in operation.

IMPORTANT! The determination of the parameters that are needed for calculations is carried out for each workshop or section.

Analysis of the functioning of the enterprise

Analysis is required to determine the optimal resource utilization. Consider its features:

• It is assumed that the products are manufactured on a limited number of machines. You need to count their number.
• It is necessary to calculate the time spent on processing a unit of production on the equipment.
• When the time for the production of a unit of goods is known, it is possible to determine the optimal amount of products that can be produced for a selected period of time.

The manager can reduce the rate of production of one of the types of products. In this case, the equipment is released for the production of other types of goods.

Why is critical point analysis necessary?

Critical point analysis is required when determining the optimal PM value. Its essence lies in drawing up a graph of the dependence of expenses and income on the volume of manufactured products. As a result, the point at which the expenses of the enterprise are similar to its income is determined. That is, this is the point at which the subject works without loss. Based on this graph, it is possible to justify the PM, which will be optimal in a particular case.

How to increase production capacity?

There are two ways to increase the value of PM: with and without large cash costs. Consider methods involving financial injections:

• Installation of modern equipment.
• Update of emergency equipment.
• Dealing with wear and tear on equipment.
• Improving the quality of raw materials or intensifying the regime.
• Complete modernization.
• Extending equipment life.
• Carrying out scheduled repairs.
• Providing regular maintenance.

There are two ways to increase the PM without significant financial investments: by increasing the working time fund and by reducing the labor intensity of the production of goods. Consider the options when choosing the first method:

• Increase in the number of available equipment.
• Increase in the number of shifts, which will ensure uninterrupted operation.
• Improving the organization of repair work.
• Reducing production cycles.
• Optimization of the exploitation of the available space.
• Optimization of work activity planning.
• Work on a narrow specialization.

Consider ways to reduce the complexity of production:

• Improving the production technology of products.
• Increasing the serial production.
• Increasing unification.
• Standardization of goods.
• Modernization of existing equipment.
• Increase in technical equipment.
• Changing the rules of time.
• Rational use of labor hours.

It is possible to increase PM as one of the listed methods, and due to their combination.

What should an employer do if he wants to change the production capacity in better side? Consider specific examples:

• Providing additional jobs.
• Elimination of unreasonable losses of time.
• Encouraging employees to increase productivity.
• Improving the qualifications of employees.
• Staffing of workplaces with modern technology.
• Improving the structure of fixed assets.
• Organization of measures to reduce the consumption of raw materials.

The smallest production capacities are in enterprises with morally and technically obsolete equipment.

Production capacity is calculated in the analysis and justification of the production program, in connection with the preparation and release of new products, with the reconstruction and expansion of production.

The methodology for calculating production capacity depends on the form and methods of organizing production, the range of manufactured products, the type of equipment used, and the nature of the production process.

To fully calculate the production capacity of the enterprise, you must have the following data:

1. quantity, composition and technical condition of equipment and data on production areas. The calculation of production capacity includes all available equipment of the main production assigned to the workshops (both operating and inactive due to malfunction, repair, modernization), with the exception of reserve equipment and equipment of experimental specialized areas, the list and number of which is approved by order of the head of the enterprise.

The established procedure for accounting for the amount of equipment taken into account makes it unprofitable to keep excess equipment at the enterprise for a long time. Thus, the methodology for calculating production capacity encourages the enterprise to ensure that all available equipment is installed, and all installed equipment actually works.

2. Progressive technical standards for equipment productivity and labor intensity of manufactured products. The following equipment performance standards are distinguished: passport, planned, technically justified, actual. When calculating the production capacity of newly built enterprises, the passport norms of equipment productivity are taken, for existing enterprises - technically justified indicators of equipment productivity, but not lower than the passport.

3. The range of manufactured products and their quantitative ratio in the program. Distinguish planned, optimal, actual nomenclature. The range and quantitative ratio of manufactured products are established based on the rational specialization of the enterprise, workshop or site. When determining the production capacity of an enterprise, the planned nomenclature and assortment (labor intensity) of manufactured products are taken. When calculating the average annual production capacity, the increase (decrease) in capacity due to a change in the product range is taken into account in full.

4. Production areas of the main workshops of the enterprise. The main factor in determining the production capacity is the size of the production area, that is, the area where the technological process of manufacturing products is carried out. Auxiliary areas (repair, tool shops, warehouses, etc.) are not taken into account.

5. Mode of operation of the enterprise. There are two types of operating modes of enterprises: continuous and discontinuous. A continuous mode of operation is established for such enterprises in which the stoppage of production and the start of the production process are associated with a long period, large losses of power, raw materials, fuel, worsening the technical and economic indicators of production (metallurgical, chemical enterprises).

Individual production units of the enterprise can operate continuously, in the production cycle of which natural processes have a significant share.

Discontinuous mode of operation is established for enterprises, in manufacturing process which stop and start the production process do not lead to noticeable losses of power, raw materials, materials. Typical representatives of enterprises operating in a discontinuous mode are machine-building, instrument-making plants, sewing shoe factories.

6. Fund of the operating time of the equipment. In practice, three types of time fund are calculated:

calendar fund is the total operating hours of the equipment in the planned period. It is equal to the product of the number calendar days per year for the full number of hours per day (365 * 24 = 8760 hours);

Nominal (regime) fund of time determined by the mode of production and the duration of the working day:

where K n is the calendar number of days in a year;

B is the number of days off and public holidays in the planned period;

C is the number of shifts per day;

D is the duration of the shift in hours. If necessary, losses for the overhaul of equipment are taken into account.

Effective (real) time fund includes the time during which work on the equipment will be performed to produce products:

, (6)

where: P r - the percentage of planned current downtime.

The production capacity of the enterprise is determined by the capacity of the main (leading) production units - workshops, sections. Leading are such production shops, in which the largest part of fixed assets is concentrated and where the greatest amount of labor is spent on manufacturing products. The production capacity of the leading workshops and sections is determined by the capacity of the leading group of technological equipment. When choosing a leading workshop for determining production capacity, the specifics of industrial enterprise. The objectivity of the production capacity indicator, the reality of plans for the production of industrial products and the efficiency of the use of investments depend on how correctly the leading production shops, sections of the equipment group are chosen.

The method of calculating the production capacity of a site, workshop, plant is largely determined by the type of production. At enterprises of serial and single production, the calculation is carried out by groups of equipment and production departments. The determination of production capacity begins with the calculation of the throughput of units or groups of equipment. Distinguish units of periodic action, subject-specialized and units with technological specialization.

The production capacity (M r) of a workshop, a section equipped with the same type of subject-specialized equipment (looms, spinning machines, etc.) is determined by the formula:

(7)

where: P h - hourly productivity of the equipment;

Ф pl - planned useful annual fund of the operating time of a piece of equipment, in hours;

H - the average annual park of this type of equipment, taken into account when calculating the production capacity.

The production capacity of batch units (chemical units, autoclaves, etc.) is determined by the formula:

(8)

where: In m - the mass of raw materials;

Ф pl - planned (useful) annual fund of equipment operation time;

t cp is the duration of the raw material processing cycle;

K vg - output coefficient finished products from raw materials.

The production capacity of workshops for mass and large-scale production is determined based on the planned (useful) fund of time and rhythm, or tact, of the conveyor:

(9)

where: Ф pl - planned (real, useful) fund of the conveyor operating time, min;

t is the cycle of finished products leaving the conveyor, min.

The production capacity of an enterprise or workshop with homogeneous equipment of the same type is calculated by the formula:

(10)

where: Ф pl - planned (actual, useful) annual fund of equipment operation time;

t units - time spent per unit of production (labor intensity), h / m 2;

H - the average annual number of the same type of equipment.

For units and machines with technological specialization, power is calculated by determining the need for machine-hours for these units or groups of machines and comparing the results with the available time fund.

Calculations for production areas are carried out mainly only for low-mechanized assembly and foundry shops, the output of which is limited by the size of the production area. Throughput by production area is calculated by the formula:

(11)

where: P p - production area of ​​the workshop, m 2;

Ф pl - planned (effective) annual fund of the workshop (section) operating time, days.

For the most complete use of the production capacity of the enterprise, installed in the leading workshops, it is necessary that the capacities of the leading workshops fully correspond to the throughput of other production and auxiliary workshops. Therefore, the production capacity of the enterprise should be determined taking into account the elimination "bottlenecks" in production with the development of the necessary measures. The elimination of "bottlenecks" can be carried out in various ways: in some cases, to eliminate it, it is necessary to upgrade the equipment; in others, to revise technological processes and norms; thirdly, to reduce the range of work due to cooperative deliveries, and sometimes by increasing the number of shifts in a given area of ​​work.

Compliance with the throughput capacity of the contingency of the leading workshops, sections and other links of the enterprise is determined by calculating the contingency coefficient according to the formula:

(12)

where: M 1, M 2 - the capacity of workshops, sections, units, for which the contingency coefficient is determined, in the accepted units of measurement;

Р ud - specific consumption of products of the first workshop for the production of products of the second workshop.

A correctly calculated production capacity of an industrial enterprise, supported by a detailed plan for eliminating "bottlenecks" with an indication of the effectiveness of their elimination and the timing of their elimination, gives the prospect of increasing production using existing equipment.

The production capacity of the leading workshop is calculated by the formula:

M c \u003d M 1 a 1 + M 2 a 2 + ... + M n a n (13)

where: M 1 , M 2 , ... M n - annual production capacity of this type of equipment of the same type;

a 1, a 2, and 3 - the number of units of this type of equipment.

The production capacity of the enterprise as a whole is determined by the formula:
(14)

where: n is the number of units of the leading equipment;

F r - the actual fund of the operating time of a piece of equipment, h;

Н tr - the rate of labor intensity of processing the product, h.

Fixed assets of the enterprise and the level of their use determine its production capacity.

Productive capacity - this is the maximum possible output per unit of time in physical terms in the nomenclature and assortment established by the plan, with full use of production equipment and areas, taking into account the use of advanced technology, improving the organization of production and labor, ensuring High Quality products.

Production capacity is measured, as a rule, by finished products expressed in physical units used in the production program (tons, pieces, kilowatt-hours).

Production capacity is calculated for the entire range of products, for each type separately.

Simultaneously with the calculation of production capacity in physical terms, it can also be determined in terms of value both by type of product and by marketable products in comparable prices for the enterprise as a whole.

The production capacity of the enterprise is determined by the capacity of the leading production shops, sections or units, i.e. by the capacity of the leading industries. The leading workshop, section, unit are considered to be those that perform the main and most massive operations for the manufacture of products and in which the predominant part of the equipment is concentrated. In ferrous metallurgy, these are blast furnaces, open-hearth, steel-smelting furnaces or shops, in non-ferrous metallurgy - electrolysis shops, in textile - spinning and weaving production, in mechanical engineering - mechanical and assembly shops.

When planning production, several types of production capacity are used:

• (1) input power - capacity at the beginning of the year, showing how production capabilities has the enterprise at the beginning of the planning period;
• (2) output power - power at the end of the year. It is determined by summing the input and input capacities minus the outgoing one;
• (3) project capacity - the capacity incorporated in the project of construction, reconstruction and expansion of the enterprise.

To determine the production capacity, the average annual production capacity, which the company has on average per year, is calculated. It is determined by adding to the capacity at the beginning of the year the average annual input capacity and subtracting the average annual output:

where M" - power at the beginning of the year (input);

M in - input power during the year;

M l - liquidated (retiring) capacity during the year;

n 1 - the number of full months from the date of entry into force until the end of the year;

n 2 - the number of full months from the date of retirement until the end of the year.

The main elements for calculating production capacity are:

• (1) the composition of equipment and its quantity by type;
• (2) progressive standards for the use of each type of equipment;
• (3) nomenclature, assortment of products and labor intensity of their production;
• (4) equipment operating time fund;
• (5) production areas of the main workshops of the enterprise. The calculation in natural units of measurement is carried out according to the formula

where n is the number of pieces of equipment (master);

F r - the actual (working) fund of the operating time of a piece of equipment, hour;

H t - the rate of labor intensity of processing the product, hour.

This formula can only be used to calculate the power of interchangeable or identical equipment.

Example. The workshop has 20 machines. The planned background of the operating time of one machine is 4136 hours. The norm of time for processing a unit of product is 1.5 hours. In this case, the production capacity of the workshop

The production capacity of the enterprise is not constant. As you use new technology, the introduction of progressive technology, materials, the development of specialization and cooperation, the improvement of the structure of production, the improvement of the qualifications of workers, the improvement of the organization of production and labor, production capacities are changing. Therefore, they are reviewed annually, and in order to link the planned production volumes with the required production capacities, production capacity balances are developed at enterprises.

The level of production capacity utilization is measured by the capacity utilization factor. It is determined by dividing the volume of actually produced products by the average annual production capacity:

The increase in production volume due to improved use of power can be determined by the formula

where V is the achieved annual output;

K fact - the actual utilization rate of the average annual production capacity;

K pr - design coefficient of production capacity utilization.

Reserves for increasing the efficiency of the use of production capacity are the reduction of downtime, an increase in the degree of equipment utilization, the improvement of labor tools, the use of advanced technologies, and the improvement of the organization of production and labor.

The production capacity of an industrial enterprise is the maximum annual output of quality products in the planned assortment. This indicator is calculated with the full use of production equipment and production areas, taking into account the planned modernization of equipment, improvement of technology and organization of the production process.

It is necessary to distinguish between the planned production capacity of the enterprise and the design capacity of the enterprise.

Planned production capacity determined on the basis of applicable technological processes, the available fleet of equipment and production areas as already set values, and the volume of output according to the planned range is the desired value, established under conditions of full use of fixed production assets.

In contrast to this design production capacity of the enterprise is calculated based on the given volume of the production program, and the required values ​​are the composition of the enterprise, the technological process of manufacturing products under this program, the structure of the equipment park, its quantitative and qualitative composition, the size of production areas, the nature and dimensions of buildings and structures, energy and transport facilities, and etc.

The production capacity of the enterprise is not constant, it changes over time, so it is calculated on a certain calendar date. As a rule, capacity is calculated on January 1 of the planned year and January 1 of the year following the planned period. The production capacity on January 1 of the planned year is the input capacity ; enterprise capacity on January 1 following the planned year - output capacity.

The indicator of the average annual power is also calculated, which theused for comparison with the plan and output report.

In the very general view formulas are used to calculate production capacity:

M p \u003d P about × F about, (1)

M p \u003d F about / T, (2)

where M p is the production capacity of the enterprise;

P about - equipment productivity per unit of time, expressed in pieces of products (parts);

F about - the actual (working) fund of the operating time of the equipment, units of time;

T is the labor intensity of a set of products (parts) manufactured on this equipment, standard hour, man-days.

Note!

The first formula is used in cases where the productivity of the equipment is known, expressed in the number of manufactured products (parts) per unit of time.

But at enterprises with a large assortment of manufactured products, such data throughout the fleet technological equipment usually not, so the second formula applies. In these cases, data on the complexity of manufacturing products are used.

Output and average annual power are calculated as follows:

M out \u003d M in + M in - M vyb, (3)

M cf \u003d M in + (M in × n 1 / 12) - (M sel × n 2 / 12), (4)

where M out is the output power of the enterprise (workshop, site);

M in - input power of the enterprise (workshop, site);

Мвв is the power introduced during the year;

M vyb - power output during the year;

M cf - average annual production capacity;

n 1 - the number of full months of operation of newly commissioned capacities from the moment of commissioning to the end of the period;

n 2 - the number of full months of absence of retired capacities from the moment of retirement to the end of the period.

Consider the procedure for calculating production capacity using the example of a metal cutting section.

Example 1

There are 2 laser complexes on the site. In July next year, it is planned to purchase another one similar to the existing ones.

The site produces kits of parts. The production (cutting) of one set takes 30 minutes of laser complex operation. Thus, at the beginning of the period for 1 hour, the site produces 4 sets of parts, at the end of the period - 6 sets.

Let's assume that the actual (working) fund of equipment operation time is 7300 hours. Let's define:

• input production capacity (formula 1):

7300 × 4 = 29,200 sets;

• output production capacity (formula 3):

29,200 + 7300 × 2 = 43,800 sets;

• average annual production capacity (formula 4):

29,200 + 14,600 × 5 / 12 = 35,283.33 sets.

______________________

During the planned economy, production capacity was calculated according to with methodological provisions, common to enterprises of all industries, specified in industry methods. Some companies still use these methods.

We adapt the main methodological provisions of these documents under the market situation:

. Production capacity is calculated for the entire range of products manufactured by the enterprise. For non-core products, production capacity is calculated only if specialized capacities are available, otherwise the capacity for these products is taken into account among other products. Production capacity is calculated in the units of measure in which production is planned.

. The production capacity of the enterprise is determined by the capacity of the leading divisions (shops, sections, units), taking into account the existing cooperation and measures to eliminate bottlenecks.

Note

The leading unit is considered to be the one in which the main technological operations for the manufacture of products are carried out, the largest share of the working time of the equipment is spent, and a significant part of the fixed production assets of this enterprise is concentrated.

The calculation of capacity is carried out for all production units of the enterprise sequentially from the lowest production level to the highest: from groups of technologically similar equipment to production sites, from sites to workshops, from workshops to the enterprise as a whole.

Note

The “bottleneck” is understood as a discrepancy between the capacities of individual workshops, sections, groups of equipment and the capacities of the relevant departments, according to which the capacity of the entire enterprise, workshop is established.

. When determining the production capacity, the downtime of the equipment or the underutilization of space caused by the lack of work force, raw materials, fuel, electricity or organizational problems, as well as loss of working and machine time due to defects in production - only technologically inevitable losses in the established amounts are taken into account.

. The production capacity of the enterprise is dynamic, it changes in connection with the growth of labor productivity, the improvement of the organization of production, and the improvement of the skills of workers.

. The increase in production capacity at existing enterprises due to measures to improve production efficiency (introduction of more advanced technology, mechanization and automation of production, modernization of equipment, tooling and tools, improvement of management systems, planning and organization of production, improvement and improvement of product quality, etc.) is determined on the basis of the annual plan of these activities.

Note!

An increase in production volume due to measures to improve production efficiency aimed at mastering the planned production capacity is not considered an increase in production capacity.

When determining production capacity, the following factors are taken into account (see figure).

To calculate the production capacity, the following data are used:

• on the quantitative composition and technical level of equipment;
• mode of operation of the enterprise.

Power calculation is carried out throughout production equipment assigned to workshops.

Note

The production equipment includes equipment with the help of which the technological process of manufacturing marketable products at the enterprise is directly carried out.

The calculation takes into account operating equipment and inactive equipment due to malfunction, repair, modernization, lack of loading and other reasons.

When calculating the capacity, the equipment is grouped according to the structural production units of the enterprise, and in them - into groups on the basis of interchangeability, that is, if it is possible to perform the same technological operations.

On production lines, where operations are rigidly assigned to certain machines, and equipment is not interchangeable, it is grouped in the order of the sequence of technological operations. Unique equipment is allocated to a separate group.

For workshops of a number of enterprises (for example, machine-building, woodworking, light industry etc.) area is the factor determining the value of production capacity. In these cases, production areas are taken into account in the calculation of capacity, that is, areas on which the technological process of manufacturing products is carried out, occupied by:

• production equipment;
• workplaces (including workbenches, assembly stands, etc.);
• backlogs (blanks, parts, assemblies) at workplaces;
• passages between equipment and between workplaces (except for main passages).

When determining the power, auxiliary areas are not taken into account, which include areas:

• tool and repair shops;
• workshop warehouses and storerooms;
• department premises technical control;
• other auxiliary premises;
• fire and main roads.

The dimensions of the areas are taken according to the production and technical passport of the enterprise, and in the absence of passport data - according to the results of measurement (along the inner perimeter of the building or along the axes of the columns, taking into account the protruding parts of the building).

The mode of operation of the enterprise directly affects the value of production capacity and is set based on specific conditions production. In concept "mode of operation" includes the number of shifts, the length of the working day and the length of the working week.

Depending on what time losses are taken into account when determining power, there are calendar (nominal), regime and valid (working) fund of time of use of fixed production assets.

Calendar fund of time is equal to the number of calendar days in the planning period multiplied by 24 hours, that is, for a non-leap year - 8760 hours (365 × 24).

Regime fund of time is determined by the mode of production and is equal to the product of the number of working days in the planned period by the number of hours in work shifts. With a five-day working week the regime fund is determined on the basis of the accepted regime of production, with the obligatory observance of the total duration of the working week established by law.

Valid (working) fund of time operation of the equipment is equal to the regime minus the time for scheduled preventive maintenance, which should not exceed the established norms.

In the calculation of production capacity should be taken maximum possible real (working) fund equipment operation time (use of production space). Wherein:

• for production and areas with a discontinuous production process, the annual fund of equipment operation is taken based on three-shift (or four-shift, if the enterprise operates in four shifts) work and the established duration of shifts in hours, minus the time for scheduled preventive repairs, weekends and holidays, and as well as reducing working hours on holidays.

The working time fund for enterprises whose leading workshops work in two shifts (or less than two shifts) is calculated based on a two-shift mode of operation;

Note

The discontinuous process includes the production of products, the stoppage of which at any time of the technological process does not lead to the loss of products or raw materials, and the technological process can be timed to the duration of the work shift or working day.

• for production and sites with a continuous production process, they take the annual fund of equipment operation (use of space), based on the number of calendar days in a year and 24 working hours per day, minus the time for repairs and technological shutdowns of equipment, if these stops are not included in the norms for its use ;

Note

To continuous process Production refers to such a technological process of manufacturing products that is continuous, and stopping the production process is associated with long downtime and leads to the loss of raw materials and damage to equipment or is associated with other large economic losses.

• for unique and limiting equipment, a valid time fund is accepted based on a three-shift mode of operation;
• if workshops, sections and workplaces are equipped with equipment that does not require scheduled repairs in working time, the actual (working) fund of the operating time of the equipment (use of production areas) of these units is taken equal to the regime fund.

To assess the use of production capacity, several indicators are calculated, among which the most universal is capital productivity.

return on assets(F o) - one of the most important indicators characterizing the economic effectiveness of production facilities and the activities of the enterprise as a whole. It is defined as the ratio of gross (commodity) output to the average annual cost of fixed production assets:

F o \u003d C prod / C main. f, (5)

where C prod - the cost of finished products for a certain period;

With off - the average annual cost of fixed assets.

Note!

Comparison of the values ​​of the planned and actual capital productivity in terms of the enterprise's capacity shows how much the capital productivity in terms of average annual capacity lags behind the planned one or, conversely, exceeds it.

The value of the capital productivity reserve (Rf) as a percentage is determined by the formula:

R f = ((F p - F m) × 100) / F p, (6)

where F p - capital productivity according to the plan;

Ф m - return on assets by power level

Example 2

We take the initial data from example 1.

Suppose the price of 1 laser complex is 15 million rubles, the price of one manufactured set is 500 rubles. Planned return on assets - 0.5 rubles. for 1 rub. fixed production assets.

Calculate the return on assets by the level of production capacity.

First, we determine the cost of the produced sets by the average annual capacity:

35,283.33 × 500 = 17,641,665 rubles, or 17.642 million rubles.

The average annual cost of fixed production assets is calculated by the formula:

From the main f \u003d C n + (C vvf × n 1 / 12) - (Sel. f × n 2 / 12), (7)

where C main. f is the average annual cost of fixed production assets;

C n - the cost of fixed assets at the beginning of the period;

With vvf - the cost of newly introduced fixed assets;

From choice f - the cost of withdrawn fixed assets;

n 1 - the number of full months of operation of the newly introduced fixed assets from the moment of commissioning until the end of the period;

n 2 - the number of full months of absence of retired fixed assets from the moment of retirement to the end of the period.

For our example:

• From the main f (formula 7) = 2 × 15 million + 5 / 12 × 15 million = 36.25 million rubles;
• capital productivity in terms of production capacity (formula 5) = 17.642 / 36.25 = 0.487.

Thus, the value of the capital productivity reserve (formula 6) is equal to:

((0.5 - 0.487) × 100) / 0.5 = 2.6%,

that is, in this example the average annual capacity of the enterprise is lower than planned by 2.6%.

conclusions

The calculation of the production capacity of an industrial enterprise depends on the characteristics of the enterprise, while there are general approaches for calculating the capacity;

There are several types of production capacity of the enterprise: planned and design capacity; input, output and average annual production capacities;

The main factors influencing production capacity are the quantitative composition and technical level of equipment and the mode of operation of the enterprise.

The efficiency of the use of production capacities can be calculated using such an indicator as capital productivity.

R. V. Kazantsev,
financial director of UK Teplodar LLC

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION

STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

ALL-RUSSIAN CORRESPONDENCE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMY OF ENTERPRISES AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Control work on discipline

"Economics of the organization"

on the topic:

"The production capacity of the enterprise and ways to improve its use"

Artist: Matrosova A.E.

Faculty of FIC, 305 gr., No. 06FFD13560

Head: Khilinskaya I.V.

Chelyabinsk 2009

1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………..3

2. The concept of "production capacity of the enterprise." The role of the production capacity of the enterprise in ensuring the production program. Types of production capacity…….4

3. Methodology for calculating the production capacity of a site, workshop, enterprise as a whole…………………………………………………..……8

4. The main ways to increase the level of use of the production capacity of the enterprise………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………20

6. List of used literature……………………………..………22

Introduction

This test devoted to the topic "Production capacity of the enterprise." The relevance of this work is due to the fact that the production capacity is the starting point for planning the production program of the enterprise. It reflects the potential of associations, enterprises, workshops for the production of products.

Determining the value of production capacity takes a leading place in identifying and evaluating production reserves. The means of labor, primarily their active part - the tools of labor, should be considered the main factor in the formation of the production capacity of enterprises. However, this should not lead to the conclusion that production capacity can be determined on the basis of production and technical parameters of means of labor without taking into account the specific circumstances in which the enterprise operates in a given period of time.

To understand the essence and knowledge of the nature of production capacity, it is necessary to take into account the socio-economic conditions in which the means of labor are used. Modern tools of production, in whatever form they may appear (systems of machines, complexes of machines), are used by people in the labor process. And the labor process always proceeds under a certain public form, which is determined by the nature of ownership of the means of production. Consequently, production relations are formed on the basis of a certain form of ownership of the means of production. main goal consumption of means of labor is the production of material goods. It is carried out by an organized set of means of labor, which is reflected in the creation and functioning of lines, sections, workshops and enterprises. As part of such organizational constructions, the means of labor act as material carriers of their production capacity.

1. The concept of "production capacity of the enterprise." The role of the production capacity of the enterprise in ensuring the production program. Types of production capacity.

The volume of fixed production assets and the degree of their use is determined by the production capacity of the enterprise.

The production capacity of the enterprise (workshop or production site) is characterized by the maximum quantity of products of the appropriate quality and range that can be produced by him per unit of time with the full use of fixed production assets under optimal conditions for their operation.

The production capacity of an enterprise (workshop, site) is the ability of the means of labor assigned to it (a technological set of machines, equipment and production areas) to the maximum output per year (day, shift) in accordance with the established specialization, cooperative production and mode of operation.

The production capacity of an enterprise (workshop, site) is calculated, as a rule, in the same natural (conditionally natural) units in which the volume of output is planned, and sometimes in machine-hours and, as an exception, in value terms. The difference between the production capacity and the production program (production volume) is the reserves of the enterprise, i.e. the production program shows the degree of use of production capacity. The relationship between production capacity and the production program is shown in fig. one.

Along with the term “production capacity”, the term “throughput” is used, which characterizes the maximum output in relation to the operation of equipment, a machine tool, a unit, a production line, a group of machines, but not a site, workshop, enterprise. Bandwidth equipment is calculated per decade, day, shift and hour, and the production capacity of structural units of production - per year (in some cases - per quarter and month).

Rice. one. The relationship of the production capacity of the production program

During each planning period, production capacity may change. The longer the planning period, the higher the likelihood of such changes. The main reasons for the changes are:

Installation of new pieces of equipment to replace obsolete or emergency ones;

Depreciation of equipment;

Commissioning of new capacities;

Change in equipment productivity due to intensification of its operation mode or due to a change in the quality of raw materials, etc.

Modernization of equipment (replacement of nodes, blocks, transport elements, etc.);

Structure changes source materials, the composition of raw materials or semi-finished products;

Duration of equipment operation during the planned period, taking into account stops for repairs, preventive maintenance, technological breaks;

Production specialization;

Equipment operation mode (cyclic, continuous);

Organization of repairs and current maintenance.

The following factors influence the value of production capacity:

1. Technical factors: the quantitative composition of fixed assets and their structure; qualitative composition of fixed assets; degree of mechanization and automation of technological processes; quality of raw materials.

2. Organizational factors: the degree of specialization, concentration, cooperation of production; the level of organization of production, labor and management.

3. Economic factors (forms of remuneration and incentives for employees).

4. Social factors: qualification level employees, their professionalism; general educational level of training.

Production capacities can be considered from different positions, based on this, they determine the theoretical, maximum, economic, practical capacity.

Theoretical (design) power characterizes the maximum possible output at ideal conditions functioning of production. It is defined as the maximum hourly aggregate of capacities of labor means with a full annual calendar fund of working time during the entire period of their physical service. This indicator is used when justifying new projects, expanding production, and other innovative activities.

Maximum capacity is the theoretically possible production output during the reporting period with the usual composition of mastered products, without restrictions on the part of labor and material factors, with the possibility of increasing shifts and working days, as well as using only installed equipment ready for work. This indicator is important in determining production reserves, output volumes and opportunities for their increase, build-up.

Under the economic capacity understand the limit of production, which is unprofitable for the company to exceed due to a large increase in production costs or any other reasons.

Practical power is the highest volume of output that can be achieved at the enterprise in real working conditions. In most cases, practical production capacity coincides with economic capacity.

In contrast to the design, the planned production capacity of operating enterprises is calculated based on the applied technological processes, the available equipment fleet, the available production areas, as values ​​​​already set, and the volume of output according to the planned range is the required value, established in conditions of full use of the resources available in the disposal of the enterprise.

Production capacity is a dynamic value, changing under the influence of various factors. Therefore, it is calculated for certain period time and even calendar date. Power is determined at the beginning of the planning period - input power and at the end of the planning period - output power. The latter is calculated by the formula:

M k \u003d M n + M s + M p + M o + M nz - M in,

where M to - capacity at the end of the planning period; M n - production capacity at the beginning of the planning period; M s – commissioning of capacities as a result of construction of new, expansion of existing capacities; M p – power increase due to reconstruction; M o - increase in capacity as a result of technical re-equipment and other organizational and technical measures; M nz – increase (decrease) in capacities due to changes in the range of products; M in – decrease in power due to its disposal.